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Product Life Cycle

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Product Life Cycle
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE:

Group Members: Mustaqeem Arif M.Faizan Ahmed Teacher: Nadir Ali Kolachi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction of Product Life Cycle 2. Stages of Product Life Cycle • • • • • Product Development Introduction Stage Growth Stage Maturity Stage Decline Stage

3. Changing the Marketing Mix • • • Premium and Gifts Coupon Entertaining Advertising

4. Analysis of Product Life Cycle Model 5. Strategies of Product Life Cycle 6. Product Life Cycle Phases 7. Some Other Examples 8. Conclusion 9. References

1. Introduction of Product Life Cycle:
All products possess ‘life cycles.’ A product 's life cycle, abbreviated PLC, the life cycle refers to the period from the product’s first launch into the market until its final withdrawal and it is split up in phases. Since an increase in profits is the major goal of a company that introduces a product into a market, the product’s life cycle management is very important. The understanding of a product’s life cycle, can help a company to understand and realize when it is time to introduce and withdraw a product from a market, its position in the market compared to competitors, and the product’s success or failure. The product’s life cycle - period usually consists of five major steps : Product Development, Introduction Stage, Growth Stage, Maturity Stage and finally Decline Stage. These phases exist and are applicable to all products or services from a certain make of automobile to a multimillion-dollar lithography tool to a one-cent capacitor. These phases can be split up into smaller ones depending on the product and must be considered when a new product is to be introduced into a market since they dictate the product’s sales performance.

2. Stages of Product Life Cycle:



Product Development:

Product development phase begins when a company finds and develops a new product idea. This involves translating various pieces of information and incorporating them into a new product. A product is



References: Aaker D. Strategic Market Management, Willey, 1995. Avlonitis G. Strategic Industrial Marketing, Stanoulis, 2001. Barringer P. H. “Why you need practical reliability details to define life cycle costs for your products and competitors products”, Barringer & Associates, on-line http://www.barringer1.com Business Studies “The product Life Cycle”, on-line Clifford D. “Managing the Product Life Cycle”, European Business Journal, July 1969. Cox W. E. “Product Life Cycles as Marketing Models”, The Journal of Business, p.p. 375-384, October 1967. Daft L. Organizational Theory And Design, West Publishing, St Paul Minnesota, 1992. Drummond G. Ensor J. Strategic Marketing: Planning and Control, Butterworth – Heinemann, 2001. Genesis Strategies “Product Life Cycle Management”, on-line http://www.genesisstrategies.com Hata T. Sakamoto H. Kato S. Kimura F. Suzuki H. “Feasibility Study for Rapid Product Life Cycle”, University of Tokyo, on-line http://www.cim.pe.u-tokyo.ac.jp Jensch J. “Strategic Marketing and the Product Life Cycle”, 1999, on-line http://www.questteam.com Life Cycle Strategies Inc. “Three Fundamentals for Effective Product Management: A Practical Guide for Improving Product Success”, 1999 Lightfoot W. “Product Life Cycle Stages”, on-line McGrath M. Product Strategy of High-Technology Companies, McGraw-Hill, 2000. McNamara C. “Basic Overview of Organizational Life Cycles”, on-line http://www.mapnp.org/library/org_thry/org_cycl.htm Norman D. “The life cycle of a technology: Why it is so difficult for large companies to innovate”, 1998, on-line http://www.jnd.org Resources “Locational Implications of the Product Cycle”, on-line http://www.faculty.washington.edu/krumme/systems/pcycle.html Smith J. C. “Product Life Cycle”, on-line Twiss B. C. “Forecasting Market Size and Market Growth Rates for New Products”, . .

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