Activity Letter on the Process of Karyotyping
Dr Kamyab Shahmiri
Dear Mr and Mrs
By the process of Karyotyping we can determine the number of chromosomes the individual has. The process of Karyotyping is pairing and ordering all the chromosomes of an organism, providing it with a genome-wide photo of homologous chromosomes of the individual’s cell (karyotype). The way that this is done is that a cell sample is collected and it stops the cell division during metaphase (in mitosis). Then the sample is stained, which produces a banding pattern on the chromosomes that is visible under a microscope. Now with this information we can reveal changes in chromosome number associated with aneuploid (abnormal number of chromosomes) conditions. A normal person, should contain 22 pairs of autosomes chromosomes (total 44) and also 1 pair of sex chromosomes (xy=male, xx=female) making it a total of 46 chromosomes. Any person having a higher or lower number of chromosome definitely has a syndrome depending to which number of pair is extra or has one missing.
After seeing your child’s karyotype, we sadly noticed that your unborn children has an extra sex chromosome in the form of an X chromosome, resulting in the presence of 47 overall chromosomes. The reason this happened is that by a mistake during meiosis (cell division that produced egg and sperm cells). By an error in the cell division (nondisjunction) an egg or sperm cell can have an extra copy of an X chromosomes.This phenomenon is referred to as Klinefeter Syndrome (XXY), which gives male babies some female characteristics. Although there is not so much to be worried about since this syndrome is not as bad as the other syndromes such as Down or Patau Syndrome ones and your child’s life expectancy is not affected. Common general characteristics of Klinefer’s is an above average height, a decrease in muscle control and also infertility. As a baby, his strength will be below average. As he ages and reaches puberty, the traits of Klinefter’s will become more evident
Dear Mr and Mrs
By the process of Karyotyping we can determine the number of chromosomes the individual has. The process of Karyotyping is pairing and ordering all the chromosomes of an organism, providing it with a genome-wide photo of homologous chromosomes of the individual’s cell (karyotype). The way that this is done is that a cell sample is collected and it stops the cell division during metaphase (in mitosis). Then the sample is stained, which produces a banding pattern on the chromosomes that is visible under a microscope. Now with this information we can reveal changes in chromosome number associated with aneuploid (abnormal number of chromosomes) conditions. A normal person, should contain 22 pairs of autosomes chromosomes (total 44) and also 1 pair of sex chromosomes (xy=male, xx=female) making it a total of 46 chromosomes. Any person having a higher or lower number of chromosome definitely has a syndrome depending to which number of pair is extra or has one missing.
After seeing your child’s karyotype, we sadly noticed that your unborn children has an extra sex chromosome in the form of an X chromosome, resulting in the presence of 47 overall chromosomes. The reason this happened is that by a mistake during meiosis (cell division that produced egg and sperm cells). By an error in the cell division (nondisjunction) an egg or sperm cell can have an extra copy of an X chromosomes.This phenomenon is referred to as Klinefeter Syndrome (XXY), which gives male babies some female characteristics. Although there is not so much to be worried about since this syndrome is not as bad as the other syndromes such as Down or Patau Syndrome ones and your child’s life expectancy is not affected. Common general characteristics of Klinefer’s is an above average height, a decrease in muscle control and also infertility. As a baby, his strength will be below average. As he ages and reaches puberty, the traits of Klinefter’s will become more evident