problems ofUrbanization
Urbanization in Bangladesh"
Extent and Reasons of the relatively recent phenomenon of Urbanization in Bangladesh by Francis Atul Sarker
I. INTRODUCTION:
Urbanization generally refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and suburbs of cities. Historically, it has been closely connected with industrialization. Urbanization initiates industrialization-led economic growth and transition from agricultural-based income and employment to non-agriculture based livelihood opportunities. Rapid urbanization causes shift in rural livelihood base and often result in migration of the farm laborers to off-farm activities in the cities. Thus, urbanization, migration and development are inter-linked and the relationships between migration and urbanization, between urbanization and development and between migration and and development are well known. The relationships are a two-way phenomenon. With each pair one variable may be the cause as well as the effect of the other. However, to limit our discussion on migration, urbanization and development we will focus on the recent trends in migration and urbanization and the emerging critical issues, which have impact on national development in the context of Bangladesh. Further to this; since goal of development is aimed at improvement of the quality of life of an individual human being, or his/her family, our attention should logically also be directed to such a scale. II. URBANIZATION IN BANGLADESH:
Historically, towns and cities in Bangladesh have been few in number, and until recently, the country was largely rural. In 1961, slightly more than 5% of the population lived in the urban areas. During the last two decade, Bangladesh has experienced extremely high rate of urbanization exceeding more than two to three times higher than that of the national population growth rate. According to the 1991 census estimate, 22% of the country's population is urban.
Extent and Reasons of the relatively recent phenomenon of Urbanization in Bangladesh by Francis Atul Sarker
I. INTRODUCTION:
Urbanization generally refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and suburbs of cities. Historically, it has been closely connected with industrialization. Urbanization initiates industrialization-led economic growth and transition from agricultural-based income and employment to non-agriculture based livelihood opportunities. Rapid urbanization causes shift in rural livelihood base and often result in migration of the farm laborers to off-farm activities in the cities. Thus, urbanization, migration and development are inter-linked and the relationships between migration and urbanization, between urbanization and development and between migration and and development are well known. The relationships are a two-way phenomenon. With each pair one variable may be the cause as well as the effect of the other. However, to limit our discussion on migration, urbanization and development we will focus on the recent trends in migration and urbanization and the emerging critical issues, which have impact on national development in the context of Bangladesh. Further to this; since goal of development is aimed at improvement of the quality of life of an individual human being, or his/her family, our attention should logically also be directed to such a scale. II. URBANIZATION IN BANGLADESH:
Historically, towns and cities in Bangladesh have been few in number, and until recently, the country was largely rural. In 1961, slightly more than 5% of the population lived in the urban areas. During the last two decade, Bangladesh has experienced extremely high rate of urbanization exceeding more than two to three times higher than that of the national population growth rate. According to the 1991 census estimate, 22% of the country's population is urban.