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Preventing and Detecting Fraudulent Financial Statement

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Preventing and Detecting Fraudulent Financial Statement
PENCEGAHAN DAN PENDETEKSIAN
FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL STATEMENT
(KECURANGAN DALAM LAPORAN KEUANGAN) OLEH
FRAUD EXAMINERS (AUDITOR FRAUD)
(STUDI LITERATUR)

1. Latar Belakang Fraud atau yang lebih familiar dengan istilah kecurangan, telah menjadi momok dalam dunia usaha modern yang terbukti telah merontokkan perusahaan – perusahaan kelas dunia. Coba kita bawa kembali ingatan kita, ketika masa akan memasuki millennium baru, tiba – tiba dunia seakan tersentak dengan terkuaknya skandal Enron di penghujung abad. Dalam sekejap, white – collar fraud menjadi kata – kata yang paling sering muncul di tajuk utama berbagai koran, dan majalah nasional maupun internasional. Belum habis cerita Enron, muncul lagi cerita – cerita baru yang tak kalah hebat dan hampir sama persis, yakni kemunculan skandal Worldcom, Ahold dan Tyco. Dari kasus – kasus tersebut, dapat diambil suatu kesimpulan bahwa fraud menimbulkan kerugian yang sangat besar hampir di seluruh industri (Spathis, 2002). Di negara kita, dunia bisnis Indonesia juga tidak luput dari ancaman fraud. Ini dapat dibuktikan dengan adanya kemunculan kasus – kasus kecurangan yang ada. Seperti banyaknya bank yang dilikuidasi pada tahun 1998 akibat tidak mengelola dana dari masyarakat dengan benar dan memanipulasi pajak; berbagai praktek korupsi di sektor pemerintahan; kasus BLBI (Bantuan Likuiditas Bank Indonesia) dimana fraud muncul dengan berbagai nama seperti penjualan cessie piutang; kasus L/C Bank BNI dan beberapa kasus fraud lainnya yang hingga sekarang masih terdengar gaungnya dimana – mana. Berbagai macam praktek fraud yang ada, pada umumnya menimbulkan kerugian bagi banyak pihak dan membawa dampak negatif yang sangat besar. Dalam Report to The Nation on Occupational Fraud and Abuse (Association of Certified Fraud Examiners) tahun 2002 disebutkan bahwa perusahaan mengalami kerugian sebesar 6% dari pendapatannya akibat fraud. Fraud memiliki dampak yang bersifat

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