Post Modernism, on the other hand, is ‘after modernism’, and in many ways postmodernism constitutes an attack on modernist claims about the existence of truth and value, claims that come from the European enlightenment of the 18th century. In disputing past assumptions postmodernists generally display a preoccupation with the inadequacy of language as a mode of communication. One such famous postmodernist theorist is French philosopher Jacques…
Symbols, signs and meanings are also another theory to post-modernism. Mass media like television and the internet have exposed us all to different cultures and ideas from across the globe, also known as globalisation. The ‘meanings’ of things have now become more individualised,…
The speculative narrative has always had an ambiguous relationship with positive knowledge; knowledge must repudiate itself to be considered such (Lyotard 38). The principle of legitimacy for the speculative narrative ended up being self-defeating; nothing seemed to legitimate the process of legitimation itself (Lyotard 39). The emancipatory narrative broke down based on the realization that science did not seem capable of legitimating other language-games (Lyotard 40). The fact that a statement was true did not mean that it was just (Lyotard 40). This was extenuated by the rapid increase in technology after the second world war and the collapse of a socialist alternative (Lyotard 38). These metanarratives which once legitimated knowledge have broken down with the advent of the postmodern…
The use of defamiliarisation is a key concept in the science-fiction genre, where the composers create a futuristic world which is alien to the responder, yet drawing parallels to the context of the text. This causes the responder to evaluate their own world in light of the new ideas suggested through the text. In The Matrix, the Wachowski brothers critique the value of technology, in the context of computer advancements in the late 20th century to early 21st century. Defamiliarisation is seen early in the film through the subversion of the Warner Brothers logo, showing the well known symbol in the electronic green used to display the scrolling green numbers of the coding of the matrix. The use of this colour alludes to the direction of the film, and also increases our feeling of alienation. This feeling of discomfort and alienation is highlighted in the film, with Morpheus emphasising Neo’s discomfort and uneasiness with the world around him by comparing it to a “splinter in the mind.” This discomfort with surroundings is acutely felt by Ender from Card’s…
Postmodernism began as something to question the ideas of modernism. Post modernists distrust science since they believe scientific facts are products of social processes and bias just like everything else. They view culture as a series of ideas, images, symbols, and media. Postmodernism basically says that there is no set definition of reality and that the world is indefinable, always changing and evolving.…
Society has now entered a new, postmodern age, and we need new theories to understand it (33 marks)…
Postmodern writers are the exact opposite of modernist writers. Whereas the modernist literary quest is for meaning, the postmodern literary quest is avoiding the possibility of…
Alter-Muri’s and Klein’s (2011), MacGregor’s (1992) and Jones’s (1997) articles about postmodern art were reviewed for the better understanding of the effect of the postmodernism on the postmodern art. Klaver (1994) and Olson (1987) explained the effect of the postmodernism on television’s content. Hurd’s article provided background information about the postmodern worldview. Benhabib’s (1984) article described the epistemologies of the postmodernism. Jameson (1991) explained the cultural logic of the late…
Popular fictions texts expressing views of the future educate audiences about current issues and the dystopias that develop from them. Texts such as the film ‘Gattaca’, directed by Andrew Niccol and novel ‘Fahrenheit 451’ by Ray Bradbury explore futuristic societies and the implications that become of their innovation. Although entertaining, texts such as these are didactic and must be taken seriously, as they communicate messages to audiences regarding prevalent concerns and possible futures based on society’s choices.…
The Matrix, a 1999 film created by The Wachowskis, and Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, a philosophical story written during 560 BC, both introduce thought provoking questions. These include: “Are we living in the real world or an illusion of the real world?” and “What is reality?” The Matrix is a sci-fi action film that attracts modern viewers who can relate to the main character, Neo. The film is about how the world that Neo thinks is real, is only just an illusion. Similarly, The Allegory of the Cave is about a prisoner that comes to realize the cave is only a prison and that he is living in a false reality. Although Plato’s story, The Allegory of the Cave, and the film, The Matrix, took place during two completely different time periods, the main characters are both involved with the idea of a false reality which shows that The Matrix was influenced by Plato.…
Have you ever, in your life, had a dream of sitting by the fire place and felt the warmth of the fire even though you are asleep in your room where there is no fire place at all? Have you had a dream where you are cringed in the back seat of the car and you saw your body also cringed when you awake from your dream? Many of you, if not all, probably had experiences like these because the body and the mind are distinct things; in fact, according to the French philosopher, Descartes, they are two very different kinds of things. From the books that he has written, “Passion of the Soul” and “The Description of the Human Body”, he said that the human body works like a machine and the mind is completely opposite; “that the body has the material properties of extension and motion, and that it follows the laws of physics. The mind or soul, on the other hand, was described as a nonmaterial entity that lacks extension and motion, and does not follow the laws of physics” (Wikipedia, “Rene Descartes.”) Descartes believed that a thought is the product of mental activity that happens in the mind which interacts with the body at the pineal gland. This dualistic structure is to say that the mind or a thought can influence the body and the body also can influence the mind that can cause a thought. In other words, the body and the mind are in correlation but cannotbe the same.…
Usually, short stories contain a profound theme which is applicable to the modern society. And the five short stories-“Was it A Dream?”, “On the Sidewalk Bleeding”, “Kath and Mouse”, “G.Trueheart” and “Thank you Ma’am” are brought forth in a well organized manner so that the reader is given a good message. Each story includes a good message, a setting and has used good characters.…
Postmodernists reinterpret scientific achievements of the past through the lens of the practitioners. They often found that political and economic…
The trilogy spawned not only an extensive fan base, but also an unusually high number of intellectual assessments attempting to understand its philosophical symbolism and claims. Critically for this discussion, the main notion central to The Matrix is that of doubt in the certainty of the status quo; the assertion that the world as one sees it may actually be a shared illusion. Therefore, it serves as an excellent platform to initiate significant re- evaluation of entrenched cultural narratives among a passive mass audience.…
The new civilization of postmodern age, which brings with it a new economy, new political order and a new lifestyle in the ever-accelerating flow of historical time is accompanied by our terms of radical transformation of society to overcome one-sided and narrow rational-scientific and technological world view. At present, technology, social, economics, ethics and other areas do not develop independently of each other, but their relationships grows.…