· Lawyer and Politician who represented Kentucky separately in both the Senate and in the House of Representatives.
· Clay was a dominant figure in both the First and Second Party systems, aside from being a war hawk.
· The American System was was an economic plan that played a prominent role in American policy during the first half of the 19th century.
· Clay fought for an increase in tariffs to foster industry in the United States, attempted to build and maintain infrastructure by federal funding, and have a strong national bank.
Second American Party System
· The political party system in the United States that existed from 1828-1854, after the first party system.
· The system was characterized by …show more content…
rapidly rising levels of voter interest beginning in 1828, as demonstrated by Election Day turnout, rallies, partisan newspapers, and a high degree of personal loyalty to party.
· The major parties were the Democratic Party, led by Andrew Jackson, and the Whig Party, assembled by Henry Clay.
Spoils System
· The Spoils System is a practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party.
· The spoils system survived much longer in many states, counties, and municipalities. Modern variations on the spoils system are often described as the political machine.
"Tariff of Abominations," 1828
· The Tariff of 1828 was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States.
· It was labeled the Tariff of Abominations by its southern detractors because of the effects it had on the antebellum Southern economy.
· The major goal of the tariff was to protect industries in the northern United States which were being driven out of business by low-priced imported goods by putting a tax on them.
John C. Calhoun and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest
· John C. Calhoun was a leading American politician and political theorist from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century.
· Calhoun began his political career as a nationalist, modernizer, and proponent of a strong national government and protective tariffs.
· The document was a protest against the Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations. The document stated that if the tariff was not repealed, South Carolina would secede.
Compromise of 1833
· The Compromise of 1833, originally named Tariff of 1833, was proposed by Henry [->0]Clay and John C.Calhoun as a resolution to the Nullification Crisis.
· It was adopted to gradually reduce the rates after southerners objected to the protectionism found in the Tariff of 1832 and the 1828 Tariff of Abominations.
· This Act stipulated that import taxes would gradually be cut over the next decade until, by 1842, they matched the levels set in the Tariff of 1816: An average of 20%.
Nicholas Biddle and the Bank of the United States
· As President of the Bank of the United States, Nicholas Biddle viciously sparred with President Jackson over the function and power of the bank.
· Biddle served as secretary to President James Monroe, as well as being an author, financer, and lawyer.
· Jackson saw banks and paper money as potential threats to the American people. Biddle on the other hand, believed that a strong central bank could regulate the economy and increase American prosperity.
"Pet Banks"
· State banks selected by the U.S. Department of Treasurey to receive surplus government funds in 1833.
· They were made among the big U.S. bank when President Andrew Jackson vetoed the recharter for the Second Bank of the United …show more content…
States.
· The state banks were controlled by Jackson, and by 1833, there were 23 "pet banks" or state banks with US Treasury funds that eventually lost money and failed.
Locofocos
· The Locofocos were a radical faction of the Democratic Party that existed from 1835 until the mid-1840s.
· The faction was originally named the Equal Rights Party, and was created in New York City as a protest against that city’s regular Democratic organization “Tammany Hall”.
· In general, Locofocos supported Andrew Jackson and Van Buren, and were for free trade, greater circulation of specie, legal protections for labor unions and against paper money, financial speculation, and state banks.
Specie Circular
· The Specie Circular, or Coinage Act, was an executive order issued by U.S. President Andrew Jackson in 1836 and carried out by succeeding President Martin Van Buren.
· The Act was a reaction to the growing concerns about excessive speculations of land after the Indian removal, which was mostly done with soft currency.
Long Cabin campaign, "Tippecanoe and Tyler too," and the election of 1840
· "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" was a very popular and influential campaign song of the Whig Party's colorful Log Cabin campaign in the 1840 United States presidential [->1]election.
· Its lyrics sang the praises of Whig candidates William Henry Harrison (the "hero of Tippecanoe") and John Tyler, while denigrating incumbent Democrat Martin Van
Buren.
· The United States presidential election of 1840 saw President Martin Van Buren fight for re-election against an economic depression and a Whig Party unified for the first time behind war hero William Henry [->2]Harrison and his "log cabin campaign".
Second Great Awakening
· The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States.
· It has been described as a reaction against skepticism, deism and rational Christianity, although why those forces became pressing enough at the time to spark revivals is not fully understood.
· People at the time talked about the Awakening; historians named the Second Great Awakening in the Third Great Awakening of the late 1850s to early 1900s.
[->0] - /wiki/Henry_Clay
[->1] - /wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1840
[->2] - /wiki/William_Henry_Harrison