tigrina regeneration was conducted by V. R. Rivera and M.J. Perich. A series of four different experiments were conducted on four planarian species, one of which was D. tigrina. One of the experiments involved the regeneration of D. tigrina in four different water temperatures. D. tigrina were placed in 15°, 22°, 25°, and 30° spring water temperatures and the mean of the D. tigrina regenerated in each were recorded. Out of 30 D. tigrina tested in each treatment, an average of 11.33 regenerated in the 15° spring water, 14.33 in the 22° water, 10.67 in the 25° water and 8.33 in the 30° water. (Rivera V.R. and M.J. Perich, 1994). The results gathered in this previously conducted experiment served as a guideline for choosing the final spring water temperatures for this experiment. It was believed that if similar…
Planarian worms are free-living flatworms that are not parasitic. Planarians have a three-cavity digestive system. Planarians are usually either carnivorous or scavengers. Planarians may eat other living, as well as dead, invertebrates, detritus or decaying organic matter. Planarians do not realize that are eating a lot, and can over eat resulting in death. Most planarians are freshwater forms that can be found underneath dead leaves, rocks or logs. Planarians belong to the order Tricladida. Most species range from about 1/8 inch to 1 inch. There are different species which come in white, gray, black, brown and sometimes transparent. Planarians are hermaphrodites, meaning they have both female and male organs. They reproduce sexually but they cannot reproduce by fertilizing their own eggs with their sperm. Planarians can also reproduce asexually by regeneration. Planarians have become a vital model system for studying tissue regeneration and stem cell characteristics because of their quick ability to regenerate. Studying planarians will build on our current knowledge in the fields of regenerative medicine and stem cell biology. Flatworms themselves are preyed upon by a variety of predators and are intermediate levels of the food chain, so they are important because they feed other animals.…
An aboringal tribe best known in Brisbane is the Turrbal people. The founder of the Turrbal people was Tom petrie. They occupied the land gold coast or moggil and as far north as north pine. Majority of the Turrbal people died from a drink that was introduced during the colonisation, but there were a few survivors. The turrbal people survived on the land and water before the British settlement. The river supplied them with food and was a good place to fish. The turrbal used their own medicines using plants in their environment There were al so many other clans and tribes that tempted to clan Brisbane, after they though all the Turrbal people were dead, but instead they were alive and well. They know what to tell everyone their story. Brisbane…
The devastation which occurred at the Branch Davidian Compound in Waco, Texas, demonstrates the negative outcomes of the beliefs of a cult. In order for us to fully understand this devastation, we must first understand the faction of the Branch Davidian cult and its prophet David Koresh.…
Since its discovery in 2004, Homo floresiensis has sparked tremendous controversy among archaeologists across the world (Aiello, 2010:169). Found on the island of Flores (hence the name), located in the midst of Indonesia, the fossil remains present a dilemma that is often compared to that surrounding the Neanderthals (Liberman, 2009:41). Simply put, the discovery of Homo floresiensis challenges the prevailing record of human history. Homo floresiensis contain characteristics from a multitude of species throughout the course of human history, including Homo sapiens. The problem currently plaguing archaeologists narrows down to the taxonomic status, as well as evolutionary position of Homo floresiensis,…
WildmanT, the sexy underwear brand offers stylish yet comfortable underwear in the market today. Their assortments usually concentrate on providing the best sex appeal with the comfort factor so that you look and also feel your best. Most of their designs come in awe-striking structure that make them a perfect sidekick to your wildest adventures. The brand follows some of their secret methods to make their products a craze among the men. Read on to find their success techniques.…
The pueblo people, sometimes called the Anasazi. Began to build mud-brick houses for themselves in the south-west part of America about 100 BC. They were also known as the Basket Maker people.…
Young William Armstrong was murdered by Brother in the year of 1914 at the age of 6 by 12 year old brother. From forcing “Doodle” into uncomfortable situations to not caring for him properly William Armstrong, or “Doodle” died from something that could have been prevented.…
This report will present the regenerating planarian. Planarians are tiny flatworms that live in freshwater. Planum means flat, which is how they got their name planarians. These teeny worms are generally hard to find considering how small they are. In fact, these creatures range from the size of 3 to 12 millimeters. Planarians are categorized as scavengers, they eat the decaying parts of dead animals. They have a tub where they are able to capture food and eat, which is called a pharynx. The Planarians are crossed eyed, these eyes are able to detect light in which planarians dislike. Planarians love to glide on their cilia. Cilia are little hairs that mostly surrounded on the bottom of the planarian. These animals have been able to regenerate because they are mostly made of stem cells. Planarians are examples of asexual reproduction. This means that planarians are able to reproduce without sex. This is why planarians are best to be used as examples for this lab.…
Damp, humid, especially inside of my shoes is extra soggy. Heavy rain made such a gloomy weather, dark grumpy clouds is still on there. The weather these days had changed so differently from decades ago. Southern California used to have nice weather, wasn’t so humid, and wasn’t cold, it has been hot in the summer yet inside of the shade was cool enough. Scientists claim it is because of climate change, ozone layer destruction, or global warming.…
The Neanderthals are an extinct species in the homo genus. They lived during the Pleistocene age. The Neanderthals are believed to have lived in most of Eurasia from 120,000 years ago to about 30,000 years ago. They were a more advanced pre-modern variation of the homo genus. The reason they are viewed as more advanced than other Pre-modern hominids is because they made tools, buried their dead they also lived to around forty years of age. This is quite long compared to their contemporaries. Their tools and artifacts characterize what is known as the Mousterian. To be precise the Neanderthals created flake tools. Tools made by the breakage of flakes of stone off of a larger rock. One example of these are the hand axes and smaller tools with a sharp cutting edge.…
Pan troglodytes also known as chimpanzees, are amazing great apes who share 96% of our DNA, making them our closest living relatives. They are very intelligent and display that they are closely related to humans by their tool making and use, cooperate and learn from each other, and learn in various forms of expression and communication. Today there are around 300 thousand chimpanzees in the wild and 2,000 captive in the United States; out of those 2000, 850 are in laboratories, 600 in sanctuaries and 250 in private hands. (savethechimps.org). That lists chimpanzees as endangered species, rapidly decreasing in numbers. Being that chimpanzees are wild animals, their natural instincts are wild. Yes they are gentle loving creatures but what us humans don’t seem to comprehend is that they are wild animals, like lions, sharks,…
Upon initial discovery of the skeletons at Liang Bau cave on the island of Flores in Indonesia in 2003, these enigmatic skeletons were appropriately dubbed ,”Hobbits” by Australian and Indonesian researchers because of their small stature and curious bone structure. The location of the skeletons themselves is interesting because of the remoteness of the island from the Asian continent. This leads one to wonder how these people’s ancestors came to the island in the first place close to 800,000 years ago. It is highly debated whether or not these tiny skeletons are evidence of an offshoot of one of our evolutionary…
The characteristics of the Cherokee upper world are similar, in part, to the Christian conception of heaven. The upper world, or Galunlati, exists above the great stone sky arch that hovers over the middle world. It is a place of peace, harmony, and sacred powers characterized by stability, consistency, and the structured security of limits and boundaries. Galunlati is far more magnificent than the human world and is untainted by the immorality and depravity inherent in human behavior and the negative forces within the cosmos as a whole. The Cherokee strive to maintain balance in all aspects of their lives and between the three worlds. Therefore, it is quite logical that their idea of an idyllic realm would be one of order, regularity, predictability, and the known comfortable commodity of past time. Even the denizens of the upper world appear within the Cherokee world as recognizable reflections or representations. For instance, animals and chiefs and councils are of similar construct or function in both worlds and the earthly counterpart of the…
Sixty-seven million American adults suffer from high blood pressure, and only about half of them have the condition under control leading to one thousand deaths per day (Centers of Disease Control and Prevention). According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, high blood pressure is the “second greatest public health threat” in the United States, and because of this fact the effects of a vegetarian diet are debated on whether or not they help lower blood pressure. People usually associate vegetarianism with eating green and having a healthy lifestyle but most people tend to neglect the fact that vegetarianism is much more beneficial than just for staying fit and health; the specific elements of a vegetarian diet play a key role in lowering blood pressure. The increase consumption of nitrates, potassium, and fiber along with the elimination of meat indicate that a vegetarian diet is greatly helpful in the reduction of blood pressure.…