PhysioEx Endocrine Answers
4
Exercise
Endocrine System Physiology
Advance Preparation/Comments
Consider covering the following topics to prepare students for the simulation: • Describe the regulation of thyroid hormone secretion. • Explain the relationship between the hypophysis (pituitary gland) and the hypothalamus. • Describe the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. • Explain disorders that result in goiter formation. • Review the factors that contribute to bone density. • Explain the regulation of blood glucose levels and the types of diabetes mellitus. • Describe the regulation of glucocorticoid release from the adrenal gland. • Describe the diseases associated with glucocorticoid imbalance.
Answers to Questions/Experimental Data
Pre-lab Quiz in the Lab Manual 1. (Metabolism definition can vary—instructor discretion). The amount of calories the body burns to maintain itself; sum of catabolism and anabolism; set of chemical reactions that occur in living things in order to maintain life. 2. endocrine 3. b. Thyroxine 4. Negative feedback mechanisms 5. c. Estrogen 6. a. Insulin 7. False 8. Type 2
Activity 1: Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone (pp. 60–64)
1h. 420 – 432 ml
1i. 1687 – 1734
Predict Question 1: The BMR of both remaining rats will be lower than the normal rat’s BMR
Predict Question 2: The normal rat will become hyperthyroidic but will not develop a goiter.
Predict Question 3: The normal rat will become hyperthyroidic and develop a goiter.
Predict Question 4: The normal rat will become hypothyroidic and develop a goiter.
Chart 1: Effects of Hormones on Metabolic Rate
Normal rat
Thyroidectomized rat
Hypophysectomized rat
Baseline
Weight (g)
Variable, 249–251
Variable, 244–246
Variable, 244–246 ml O2 used in 1 minute
Variable, 7.0–7.2
Variable, 6.2–6.4
Variable, 6.2–6.4 ml O2 used per hour
420–432*
372–384*
372–384*
Metabolic rate
1673–1735 ml O2/kg/hr*
1512–1574 ml O2/kg/hr*
1512–1574 ml O2/kg/hr*
Palpation results
No mass
No mass
No mass
Exercise
Endocrine System Physiology
Advance Preparation/Comments
Consider covering the following topics to prepare students for the simulation: • Describe the regulation of thyroid hormone secretion. • Explain the relationship between the hypophysis (pituitary gland) and the hypothalamus. • Describe the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. • Explain disorders that result in goiter formation. • Review the factors that contribute to bone density. • Explain the regulation of blood glucose levels and the types of diabetes mellitus. • Describe the regulation of glucocorticoid release from the adrenal gland. • Describe the diseases associated with glucocorticoid imbalance.
Answers to Questions/Experimental Data
Pre-lab Quiz in the Lab Manual 1. (Metabolism definition can vary—instructor discretion). The amount of calories the body burns to maintain itself; sum of catabolism and anabolism; set of chemical reactions that occur in living things in order to maintain life. 2. endocrine 3. b. Thyroxine 4. Negative feedback mechanisms 5. c. Estrogen 6. a. Insulin 7. False 8. Type 2
Activity 1: Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone (pp. 60–64)
1h. 420 – 432 ml
1i. 1687 – 1734
Predict Question 1: The BMR of both remaining rats will be lower than the normal rat’s BMR
Predict Question 2: The normal rat will become hyperthyroidic but will not develop a goiter.
Predict Question 3: The normal rat will become hyperthyroidic and develop a goiter.
Predict Question 4: The normal rat will become hypothyroidic and develop a goiter.
Chart 1: Effects of Hormones on Metabolic Rate
Normal rat
Thyroidectomized rat
Hypophysectomized rat
Baseline
Weight (g)
Variable, 249–251
Variable, 244–246
Variable, 244–246 ml O2 used in 1 minute
Variable, 7.0–7.2
Variable, 6.2–6.4
Variable, 6.2–6.4 ml O2 used per hour
420–432*
372–384*
372–384*
Metabolic rate
1673–1735 ml O2/kg/hr*
1512–1574 ml O2/kg/hr*
1512–1574 ml O2/kg/hr*
Palpation results
No mass
No mass
No mass