Physical Education
Physical Education 2014
Terms and Definitions
Agonist and Antagonist – these are terms for muscles, which work in pairs.
Agonist – is the muscle, which is the prime mover and creates the initial movements via contraction e.g. the bicep is the antagonist muscle, when you pull your arm towards you bending at the elbow.
Antagonist – is the muscle, which relaxes to allow the movement to occur e.g. the triceps will relax to allow your arm the bend at the elbow.
Flexion – decreasing the angle between two joints e.g. bending at the elbow or bending at the knee. Flexion also occurs at other joints like the shoulder or hip where there may not be any obvious bend in the joint.
Extension – increasing the angle between two joints e.g. straightening the elbow or knee. Extension cans also occur at the shoulder or hip joints.
Adduction – side ways movement of a limb towards or across the centerline of the body.
Abduction – side ways movement of a limb away from the body.
Rotation – Turning movement around an imaginary line like a wheel turning on its axis or a person doing a somersault.
Circumduction – in circumduction the end of a bone moves in a circle an example of this is bowler in cricket. Movement
Agonist (prime mover)
Antagonist (relaxed)
Wrist Flexion
Flexor Digitorum
Extensor Digitorum
Elbow Flexion
Biceps
Triceps
Elbow Extension
Triceps
Biceps
Shoulder Flexion
Anterior Deltoid Pectoralis Major, Biceps
Posterior Deltoid Latissimus Dorsi, Triceps
Shoulder Extension
Posterior Deltoid, Latissimus Dorsi
Anterior, Pectoralis Major
Shoulder Adduction
Latissimus Dorsi, Pectoralis Major
Deltoid
Shoulder Abduction
Deltoid
Latissimus Dorsi, Pectoralis Major
Spine/Trunk Flexion
Rectus Abdominis
Erector Spinae
Spine/Truck Extension
Erector Spinae
Rectus Abdominis
Hip Flexion
Iliopsoas, Quadriceps
Gluteus Maximus, Hamstring
Hip Extension
Gluteus Maximus, Hamstring
Iliopsoas, Quadriceps
Knee Flexion
Hamstrings
Terms and Definitions
Agonist and Antagonist – these are terms for muscles, which work in pairs.
Agonist – is the muscle, which is the prime mover and creates the initial movements via contraction e.g. the bicep is the antagonist muscle, when you pull your arm towards you bending at the elbow.
Antagonist – is the muscle, which relaxes to allow the movement to occur e.g. the triceps will relax to allow your arm the bend at the elbow.
Flexion – decreasing the angle between two joints e.g. bending at the elbow or bending at the knee. Flexion also occurs at other joints like the shoulder or hip where there may not be any obvious bend in the joint.
Extension – increasing the angle between two joints e.g. straightening the elbow or knee. Extension cans also occur at the shoulder or hip joints.
Adduction – side ways movement of a limb towards or across the centerline of the body.
Abduction – side ways movement of a limb away from the body.
Rotation – Turning movement around an imaginary line like a wheel turning on its axis or a person doing a somersault.
Circumduction – in circumduction the end of a bone moves in a circle an example of this is bowler in cricket. Movement
Agonist (prime mover)
Antagonist (relaxed)
Wrist Flexion
Flexor Digitorum
Extensor Digitorum
Elbow Flexion
Biceps
Triceps
Elbow Extension
Triceps
Biceps
Shoulder Flexion
Anterior Deltoid Pectoralis Major, Biceps
Posterior Deltoid Latissimus Dorsi, Triceps
Shoulder Extension
Posterior Deltoid, Latissimus Dorsi
Anterior, Pectoralis Major
Shoulder Adduction
Latissimus Dorsi, Pectoralis Major
Deltoid
Shoulder Abduction
Deltoid
Latissimus Dorsi, Pectoralis Major
Spine/Trunk Flexion
Rectus Abdominis
Erector Spinae
Spine/Truck Extension
Erector Spinae
Rectus Abdominis
Hip Flexion
Iliopsoas, Quadriceps
Gluteus Maximus, Hamstring
Hip Extension
Gluteus Maximus, Hamstring
Iliopsoas, Quadriceps
Knee Flexion
Hamstrings