Phylum Echinodermata Research Paper

Phylum Echinodermata: Five main groups of echinoderms including brittle stars, starfish, echinoids, sea cucumbers, and sea lilies are individually sexed. Sexual reproduction is common because both males and females are present. It takes a few years for echinoderms to mature and get sexually mature.
Echinoderms do not require physical contact for the exchange of reproductive material instead they typically release their sperm and eggs into the water. Millions of individual sperm and eggs may be released at one time. Fertilization takes place when sperm and egg come contact each other while floating freely in the water.
Some echinoderms brood their eggs, especially in cold water species where planktonic larvae might not be able