Preview

Pglo Transformation

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
995 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Pglo Transformation
Miguel Felix pGLO Transformation
Mr. Betz
AP Biology
14 December 2012
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effects of the addition of a plasmid to a bacterial cell. The bacteria E. Coli was separated into two groups: one where the pGLO plasmid was added to the bacteria, which contains the genes of fluorescence and resistance to antibiotics, and the other lacking the plasmid. The two groups then placed in agar plates simulating different environments: the bacteria lacking the pGLO plasmid was subjected to an environment solely contaiing nutrients and another containing nutrients and ampicillin; the bacteria containing pGLO was subjected to an environment containing solely nutrients and one containing nutrients, ampicillin, and the sugar arabinose. After being allowed to grow in their respective environments, the following agar plates grew E. Coli colonies: agar containing nutrients and a colony without the pGLO plasmid, agar plate containing nutrients, ampicillin, and bacteria containing the pGLO plasmid, and agar containing nutrients, ampicillin, arabinose, and bacteria containing the pGLO gene; while the agar plate containing both ampicillin and the bacteria not being exposed to the pGLO plasmid died off.
Introduction
By allowing the bacteria E. Coli to be exposed to the pGLO bacteria, both the evolutionary methods of bacteria and the applications of bioengineering. By allowing bacteria to uptake genes from another organism, a jellyfish in this case, through the use of a plasmid, the ability of bacteria to produce possibly beneficial bacteria could be tested. My hypothesis is that both samples of the bacteria containing the pGLO plasmid shall express fluorescence but the one placed in the agar plate containing arabinose shall express this trait more vibrantly. Also, the bacteria without the plasmid will not glow and the colony placed in the agar plate containing ampicillin will die off completely. The survivability of the

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Learning Goals: Insert your uncut unknown plasmid into chemically competent DH-5 E.coli cells and use antibiotic resistance to confirm the success of the transformation. You should familiarize yourself with the various methods of transformation and the advantages/disadvantages of each type. You should also understand how heat shock transformation works and how chemically competent cells make this type of transformation possible. For this transformation antibiotic markers associated with foreign pieces of DNA will be used to help verify that the DNA of interest was successfully inserted into the vector.…

    • 2055 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    E. Coli Lab Report

    • 811 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The purpose of this lab is to successfully infiltrate E. coli bacterial cells with a pARA-R plasmid that is antibiotic resistant and has the rfp gene, or red fluorescent protein. This can be verified if the E. coli obtains the characteristics of the plasmid when it enters. To start, three Petri plates containing agar are needed. On each plate there is a control group and a treatment group; the treatment group being the one with the plasmid. Before the plasmid is put with the E. coli, first the bacteria are “stressed out” by warming them up in a hot water bath and cooling them down very rapidly in ice. The first plate consists of Luria Broth (LB), the second plate consists of LB and the antibiotic ampicillin (amp), and the last one contains LB, amp, and the sugar arabinose (ara). The bacterial cells are subjected to a heat shock and then are placed onto the three plates. The plasmid is spread on to only half of the first two plates, on the sides of the treatment group. Half of the E. coli get the plasmids and the other half do not (that side being the control group). On the third plate the plasmids are spread on the whole plate. The bacteria are left in an…

    • 811 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The topic of this research involved the occurrence of genetic transformation in bacteria (E. Coli). More specifically, a previously prepared pGLO plasmid--which consisted of the gene to be cloned--was used to transform non-pathogenic bacteria. The pGLO plasmid contained a gene for the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from a bioluminescent jellyfish and a gene for resistance to ampicillin, an antibiotic. Essentially, we wanted to determine the conditions of the bacteria that would glow. Our hypothesis was that the transformed solution with no plasmid DNA and ampicillin would produce no bacteria colonies, as it wouldn 't be able to grow without the gene for ampicillin resistance. Also, the transformed solution with just LB and ampicillin would produce bacteria colonies but the transformed solution with LB/ampicillin/Arabinose would produce glowing bacteria colonies (as Arabinose allows the GFP gene to be expressed, but in both cases bacteria colonies would be present because of the gene of resistance to the antibiotic, ampicillin). We essentially made the required transformed solutions--and the controls--swiped them on the agar plate, and then observed to see whether or not bacteria colonies grew and whether or not they glowed. Our data fully supported our hypothesis. We can thus conclude that bacteria can take in foreign DNA through the process of transformation and that this foreign DNA can fundamentally change the bacteria (ex: making it glow). Future research can involve inserting other pieces of DNA into bacteria from different organisms, making the bacteria take on various phenotypic characteristics.…

    • 1330 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Plasmids are small circular autonomously replicating pieces of DNA that can be found inside of a prokaryotic bacterial cell. By barrowing a cell’s polymerase they replicate their own DNA. They are easy to extract from the bacterial cells due to their size. Plasmids are helpful for cloning foreign genes because of their ability to express antibiotic resistance as well their ability to be modified to express proteins of interest. A pGLO plasmid contains genes for the green florescent protein (GFP) as well as the gene for ampicillin resistance known as beta-lactamase. It also contains a gene regulation system (operon) that has the ability to control expression of the GFP gene in transformed cells known as araC. The source of GFP is naturally founds within a…

    • 463 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Genetic transformation is a process that primarily is inserting new DNA into an organism to change that organism’s trait. This process has many useful benefits when used correctly in different organisms. In this lab, bacteria was transformed by inserting DNA for Green Fluorescent Proteins. The DNA for these proteins were taken from bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria. One of the main lessons of the lab is learning of the use of ‘plasmids’. Plasmids are small pieces of DNA that usually code for one trait and are easily transferable between bacteria. This transfer of plasmids between bacteria is actually extremely helpful for them and are key in their survival. The plasmid that codes for the Green Fluorescent Proteins is accompanied with a gene for resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. To ‘switch on’ the gene for fluorescence caused by the proteins, sugar arabinose must be added to the bacteria’s environment. If there is no sugar arabinose introduced to the plates, then the bacteria will appear white and will not glow, even if the gene for the proteins is successfully inserted. If the gene was successfully inserted and there is sugar arabinose present then the bacteria will glow a fluorescent green. The objectives for this lab is was to see the effects on bacteria in four different cases. The first case is the effect on bacteria when the gene for pGLO is introduced with LB (a ‘broth’ like substance that bacteria feed off of) and ampacillin. The second case is the effect on bacteria when the gene for pGLO is introduced with LB, ampacillin, and sugar arabinose. The third case is the effect on bacteria when no gene for pGLO is introduced, but LB and ampacillin is still introduced, The fourth case is the effect on bacteria when no gene for pGLO is introduced, but bacteria is still placed in a LB enriched environment. The…

    • 938 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Pglo Lab Report

    • 548 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Then we opened the tubes and using a sterile pipet we put 250 µl of transfer solution in and placed them on ice. Next we removed them from the ice and used a sterile loop to pick up a single colony of bacteria. We put a colony in both tubes and then placed both tubes back on the ice. After that, we placed a loopful of plasmid DNA into the positive pGLO. We then incubated the tubes on ice for ten minutes. After the ten minutes were up, we placed the tubes in a bath of forty two degree centigrade water for fifty seconds, and then quickly back onto the ice for two minutes. After that we removed them from the ice and added 250 µl of LB nutrient broth to the tubes and let them sit at room temperature for ten minutes. When the ten minutes had passed, we flicked the tubes to mix them and added 100 µl of transformation and control suspensions onto the appropriate plates. Finally we spread the solution using a sterile loop, stacked the plates, and placed them upside down in an incubator at thirty seven degrees…

    • 548 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    A transformation solution of Calcium Chloride was obtained and then separated into two test tubes of 250μl portions and placed on ice. A sample of the bacterium Escherichia coli was then immersed and mixed into each of these tubes. Then a sample of pGLO plasmid DNA containing GFP was acquired and placed into only one of the previous test tubes, and both tubes were incubated on ice for ten minutes. 4 agar plates of different composition were prepared. Both tubes were then put through a 420C heat shock for 50 sec, then the tubes were immediately placed back on ice and incubated for another 2 min. A 250μl of LB nutrient broth was then added and mixed into each tube. 100μl of the transformation containing both the plasmid and the bacterium was…

    • 168 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell, resulting from the intake of exogenous genetic material through the surrounding cell membrane. The purpose of this lab was to determine transformation of bacteria by testing the effect of P Vib plasmid of E. coli MM294, and how the color of the E. coli bacteria changes. In this lab, two small test tubes were given calcium chloride, E. coli MM294, and one of the tubes also received the plasmid P Vib. The test tubes were then placed in ice, heat shocked, and then a small amount of the contents were extracted and placed into two petri dishes containing ampicillin (hinders growth of bacteria). After a couple of days, the petri dish without P Vib displayed no signs of colonization in the E. coli…

    • 541 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Transformation is the transfers of virulence from one cell to another, through the transferring of genetic material. It was originally postulated in 1928 through the works of Federick Griffith, a British microbiologist. Griffith observed that the mutant form, non-virulent form, of the bacteria Streptococcus Pnumoniae could be transformed into the normal, virulent form, when injected into mice along with heat killed normal forms. He concluded that somehow the information the dead virulent form had transformed the mutant form into a virulent form.…

    • 1470 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Biology Lab

    • 2372 Words
    • 10 Pages

    The variables were kept controlled by using different inoculating loops to add and spread out each solution. This was done to prevent any solutions from mixing together. The same amount of pGLO plasmid solution was added by dipping the loop until a bubble was formed across the loop opening. The tubes were incubated for the same amount of time and heat shocked for the same amount of time. The same amounts of Luria broth and cell suspension were used to keep the number of individual colonies controlled.…

    • 2372 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    In this experiment bacterial transformation was tested and only one of the four plates was expected to express signs of bacterial transformation. Plates (-DNA)/(-AMP) and (-DNA)/(+AMP) were the controls of this experiment. This is because there was no DNA added to them so they would show the difference between bacterial transformation and no bacterial transformation. Plate (-DNA)/(-AMP) had regular bacterial growth, while plate (-DNA)/(+AMP) had no growth. Plates (+DNA)/(+AMP) and (+DNA)/(-AMP) were the plates being tested because they were the ones that were given the DNA. This means that they could potentially transform the bacteria depending on the whether the bacteria is competent or not.(EDVOTEK, 5) Plate (+DNA)/(+AMP) showed no signs of bacterial transformation because the GFP gene was not being expressed and few bacterial colonies grew. Plate (+DNA)/(-AMP) showed normal bacterial growth with no signs of bacterial…

    • 1544 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Two experiments were done to identify an unknown plasmid. The success of these experiments came from the use of modern day technology involving gel electrophoresis. First, bacterial transformation to E. Coli DH5 was performed on our unknown plasmid along with two known plasmids, pAMP and pKAN, and a negative control TE, a buffer without DNA. By performing confluency streaking of bacteria in plates containing antibiotics, we were able to examine the recombinant DNA of the bacteria. After incubation of the plates, we analyzed the samples and found that our unknown plasmid reacted positively on the LB/AMP plate. There were a total growth of three colonies on the LB/AMP plate and a negative result on the LB/KAN plate. With this data along with the positive reaction of pAMP on the LB/AMP plate, we came to the conclusion that our unknown plasmid was pAMP. In our next experiment, we analyzed the DNA via gel electrophoresis. First, we had to treat our unknown plasmid. Three treatments were performed: Uncut (U), single cut (S) with HindIII, and double cut (D) with HindIII and Bam H1. The gel was then stained with Ethidium Bromide, often used in chromatography, in order for us to view the gel under UV light. A photograph of the result was then printed out. This allowed us to determine the migration of each sample along with the number of base pairs in each fragment. Standard fragments of DNA were used to determine the size of our unknown plasmid, which at this point was pAMP. With the use of both pKAN and pAMP plasmid maps, we were able to solidify our conclusion that the unknown plasmid was pAMP.…

    • 3383 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Gene Transfer Lab Report

    • 939 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Escherichia coli is a bacterium that can affect our health or even kill. Like most bacteria, E. coli is able to change and progress into different forms based on genetic changes that they can go through. One example of this genetic change is shown in the E. coli becoming immune to ampicillin is blood infections. Because ampicillin has been used so frequently to fight the symptoms of an E. coli infection, the bacteria has been able to change itself genetically by producing more of an inhibitor resistant TEM in order to continue it’s genetic line and reproduce causing infections in humans (Walters-Toews, et al. 2011). Another example from the science field would be an experiment that suggests that E. coli is not only becoming resistant to ampicillin, but also other antibiotics including Cotrimoxazole and Cefuroxime (Renal & Urology News, 2007). This experiment is meant to prove that through genetic transfer using plasmid DNA, the E. coli can become bioluminescent and immune to the ampicillin. By adding plasmid DNA to the E. coli cells, the genetic composition of the cells will be different. I predict that the E. coli cells containing no ampicillin will be able to grow colonies. I also predict that the plates with plasmid DNA will show signs of bioluminescence. The plate with ampicillin present with no plasmid DNA will not be able to grow colonies and will not be capable of bioluminescence.…

    • 939 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Bacterial transformation is the permanent alteration of a bacterial cell genotype as a result of its uptake and incorporation of foreign DNA fragments from external medium (Anthony et al, 2008). In addition to chromosome, bacterial cells often contain extrachromosomal DNA called plasmids which are capable of autonomic replication and antibiotic resistance (Dale & Simon, 2010). Plasmids can transport foreign DNA into host or other bacterial cells hence they are known as vectors. The resultant DNA of the transportation is called recombinant DNA (Mader, 2010). During transformation, bacterial cells that receive foreign DNA are called transformants (Pierce, 2008). Bacterial cells which are capable of taken up foreign DNA are said to be competent, incompetent cells can be made competent by treatment with calcium chloride (Brown, 2006). Bacterial transformation has a lot of uses such as mapping bacterial chromosomes (Anthony et al, 2008). This experiment is aimed at exploring the transformation of E.coli bacteria with a genetically engineered DNA called pGLO plasmids. The pGLO plasmids are genetically engineered to code for a number of genes including the gene for Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). The GFP, isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victorea, glows in the presence of U.V light (Sanders and Jackson, 2009).…

    • 1341 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The purpose of the lab is to see if we can make the E.Coli glow and resistant to ampicillin. In the lab we were transforming a north american jellyfish by the name Aequorea victoria to produce GFP, which is a fluorescent protein which causes them to glow green only if it has its friend arabinose sugar “ARA” and if it's under an ultraviolet light . We are expecting to see the bacteria grow and glow when the genetic transformation is completed.…

    • 552 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays