Peru Social Factors

What causes people from rural areas in Peru to move to its capital, Lima, and what are the effects it has on the way of living? This is a big concern for the Peruvian people whose lives are affected by an increase in poverty, invaded settlements, and crime. Lima is crowded with people who live in very poor conditions due to the lack of employment.
In order to explain the current situation in Lima I truly feel one must understand its history. Peru is a country which history contained many different settled cultures before the Incan empire reigned and was conquered. Once conquered by the Spanish, their main objectives were to pillage and to convert native tribes to Christianity, and to stop the development of the indigenous civilizations. Incans
Initially it must be understood that Peru is a country whose economy is centralized on its capital. In the last couple of decades Lima's development as a primate city began taking form in a rapid manner. In 1990 Lima was 14% larger than the following 24 cities combined. The centralization is evident and more than demographic. During the late 80's, Lima consumed over 70% of the national electrical energy, had near 70% of its industry , near 100% of all private investment and every other economical as well as educational advantages over any other province in the country. The Peruvian government has been almost totally centralized in Lima since the 16th century. In the past a resident of the capital who committed a crime would be punished by deporting them out of Lima to serve their sentence, the farther away from the capital the greater the penalty. This concept still supports the social conflict in Peru today. Anyone, especially people with indigenous physical characteristics and beliefs is considered a provincial person, more or less like an outsider. They are mainly stereotyped as not being civilized and for being disadvantaged and are referred to as Provincianos (born outside the capital.) as well as paisanos, cholos, and serranos (people from
Vast groups of people would come and settle wherever possible. This mostly consisted of illegal land invasions. Early on Peru's plan to provide housing for the poor took a turn for the worse due to no coordination. In the end the government did close to nothing in helping these people. It can be said is that the government allowed many "paisanos" to stay where they had invaded but only to be forced to build their own housing and their communities. This resulted in many unsafe building procedures with disregard for safety measures. Many of the settlements are in hills that could easily be destroyed by an earthquake. This is an increasing problem for most new settlements because of the difficulty to gain services in far and unsuitable places. Occupation of peripheral land became officially accepted after 1961, and cleared from requirements to building