People recognize a difference between children and adults. What events (experiences or ceremonies) make a person an adult? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.

N1 The topic is about of fears and phobias.It talks whether a phobia is genetic or learnt. It also describes the most common phobia:claustrophobia,and how best to treat phobias by gradually exposing the patien to their fear,and teaching them relaxation techniques. It then goes on to talk about the difference between a fear and phobia,and finally, it describesthe strangest phobia of all,in which patients have fear of long words. It is certainly true that the children of phobics are more likely to be fearful and anxious, but it 's difficult to say whether this is genetic or learnt. As the capacity to be anxious or fearful depends on a chemical balance in the brain, it is possible that this chemical imbalance is passed down from parent to child,.Children learn by watching how their parents, and other adults, react to the world around them. Parents need to be careful not to be too cautious or overemphasize danger, otherwise their children may be prone to developing phobias as they grow older.Claustrophobia - the fear of enclosed spaces. Sufferers ' basic fear is not of the enclosed space itself, but that they are not going to be able to escape from it. Even at home they often need to sit next to an open door so that they know that they 'll be able to get out if they need to. Claustrophobics need to feel that they can get out of the car at a moment 's notice, otherwise they suffer severe panic attacks. This can be very difficult on a motorway! And of course, they never take a lift, just in case it breaks down.Yes, of course they can. A phobia is a conditioned reflex, so the best treatment is to reverse the conditioning. In order to do so, sufferers of this phobiamust try to establish positive associations . This can be a very long and painful process and is based on gradual exposure to the object, linked to the practice of a range of relaxation techniques.One of the weirdest is hippopotomonstros esquippedaliophobia: the fear of long words. You can 't help