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Outline for Paris Presentation
Eiffel Tower and Humanism
I. Introduction A. Hook: The Eiffel tower is a beautiful structure known around the world. Located on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France, the Eiffel Tower is one of the most well-known structures in the world. Over 200 million people had visited the Eiffel Tower, since its inception. B. Thesis: The Eiffel Tower illustrates the philosophy of Humanism. We can see this connection to humanism because of The World Expo, The usages of the tower, and the Logical design plans behind it. These aspects connect to humanism because of Logical thought and reasoning, and also Confidence in mankind and his abilities, and focusing on government and making society better. C. Blueprints 1. World Exhibition 2. Usage in WWI 3. Stunts and Science 4. Logical Design
II. General Background A. Dates of Construction: The construction work of Eiffel Tower started on January 26, 1887 and was completed on March 31, 1889. The tower was built in sections, the base pieces being the first. There were rods in cement in the ground to help plant the tower in place. In all there were 18,038 pieces joined by two and a half million rivets. B. Architect: Gustav Eiffel The man behind the Eiffel Tower was Gustave Eiffel, known from his revolutionary bridge building techniques, as employed in the great viaduct at Garabit in 1884. These techniques would form the basis for the construction of the Eiffel Tower. He was also known for the construction of the Statue of Liberty's iron framework. C. Materials used: Puddle Iron (Wrought Iron) weighs 7,300 tons. Over all (Non-Metal) 10000. Depending on the ambient temperature, the top of the tower may shift away from the sun by up to 18 cm (7.1 in) because of thermal expansion of the metal on the side facing the sun. D. Preservation Efforts: Maintenance of the tower includes applying 50 to 60 tons of paint every seven years to protect it from rust. 4 tons of dusters & cleaning cloths, 10,000 doses of

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