Osteoporosis Essay

Introduction
Osteoporosis means weak bones which are prone to fractures. Hip, spine and wrist are commonly involved sites.
Clinical features
There typically are no symptoms detected in the early stages of bone loss. But once your bones have been weakened by osteoporosis, you may have signs and symptoms that include:
• Back pain, caused by a fractured or collapsed vertebra
• Loss of height over time
• A stooped posture
• A bone fracture that occurs much more easily than expected

Predisposing factors
• Females – osteoporosis is more common in females as compared to males
• Older age- as we grow older we are more prone to osteoporosis
• If parents and siblings are having osteoporosis there will be more probability of developing osteoporosis
• Hyperthyroidism- if thyroid gland is secreting more
Complications
Hip and spine fractures can cause severe pain. These fractures can occur even with insignificant trauma. In old age can lead to prolonged bed bound state
Prevention
Healthy diet rich in proteins and calcium, vitamin D can prevent osteoporosis.
Maintain appropriate weight.
Daily exercise

Diagnosis
History of bony pains, stooped posture, fractures due to insignificant trauma in older age should raise the suspicion. Osteoporosis is diagnosed by DEXA Scan.

Treatment
Recommendations for treatment are based on estimate of risk of breaking a bone in next 10 years using information from bone density test. If the rsik is not high then treatment may not include medication and may focus on modifying the risk factors for bone loss and falls.
Bisphosphonates ( alendronate, ibandronate, zolendronate) are the treatment of choice. Should be taken according to your doctors advise.
Calcium