Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is one of the ‘branches’ of chemistry and is seen as distinct from other branches, such as inorganic and physical chemistry.
It can be described as the chemistry living processes (often referred to as biochemistry) but extends beyond that.
It focuses almost entirely on the chemistry of covalently bonded carbon molecules and as well as life processes, it includes the chemistry of other types of compounds, including plastics, petrochemicals, drugs and paint.
The early chemists didn’t think they would ever be able to make the sort of chemicals involved in living processes but they were wrong.
For example, today very complex chemicals used in the manufacture of drugs can be made and then their structures modified to achieve improvements in their effectiveness.
An understanding of organic chemistry can be developed from knowledge of the structure of a carbon atom and how it can combine with other carbon atoms by forming covalent bonds.
Alkanes
Alkanes are hydrocarbons, which are molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen.
They are made up of carbon atoms linked together by only single covalent bonds and are known as saturated hydrocarbons.
Many alkanes are obtained from crude oil by fractional distillation.
The smallest alkanes are used extensively as fuels.
Apart from burning, however, they are remarkably unreactive.
Alkane
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Alkene
Ethene
Propene
Butene
Pentene
Alkane
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Molecular formula CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
Molecular
formula
C2H4
C3H6
C4H8
C5H10
Molecular
formula
CH3OH
C2H5OH
C3H7OH
Display formula
Display formula
Display formula
Boiling point (C)
-162
-89
-42
0
36Boiling point (C)
-104
-48
-6
30Boiling
point
(C)
65
78
97
State at room temperature and pressure
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
LiquidAlkene
In organic chemistry, an alkene, olefin, or olefine is an
Organic chemistry is one of the ‘branches’ of chemistry and is seen as distinct from other branches, such as inorganic and physical chemistry.
It can be described as the chemistry living processes (often referred to as biochemistry) but extends beyond that.
It focuses almost entirely on the chemistry of covalently bonded carbon molecules and as well as life processes, it includes the chemistry of other types of compounds, including plastics, petrochemicals, drugs and paint.
The early chemists didn’t think they would ever be able to make the sort of chemicals involved in living processes but they were wrong.
For example, today very complex chemicals used in the manufacture of drugs can be made and then their structures modified to achieve improvements in their effectiveness.
An understanding of organic chemistry can be developed from knowledge of the structure of a carbon atom and how it can combine with other carbon atoms by forming covalent bonds.
Alkanes
Alkanes are hydrocarbons, which are molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen.
They are made up of carbon atoms linked together by only single covalent bonds and are known as saturated hydrocarbons.
Many alkanes are obtained from crude oil by fractional distillation.
The smallest alkanes are used extensively as fuels.
Apart from burning, however, they are remarkably unreactive.
Alkane
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Alkene
Ethene
Propene
Butene
Pentene
Alkane
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Molecular formula CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
Molecular
formula
C2H4
C3H6
C4H8
C5H10
Molecular
formula
CH3OH
C2H5OH
C3H7OH
Display formula
Display formula
Display formula
Boiling point (C)
-162
-89
-42
0
36Boiling point (C)
-104
-48
-6
30Boiling
point
(C)
65
78
97
State at room temperature and pressure
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
LiquidAlkene
In organic chemistry, an alkene, olefin, or olefine is an