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Opioid Analgesics Research Paper

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Opioid Analgesics Research Paper
Opioid Analgesics
Opiates are natural substances obtained from raw opium. This includes morphine sulfate, codeine, hydrochlorides of opium alkaloids and camphorated tincture of opium. Opioid Analgesics are most effective in treating or managing severe pain and are often used in the management of pain in cancer patients or in those with pain associated with other terminal illnesses. The analgesics effects of opioids are due to decreased perception of pain, decreased reaction to pain as well as increased pain tolerance.

Types of Opioid Analgesics:
1. Hydrophone- Dilaudid
2. Meperidine- Demerol
3. Oxycodone- Oxytocin
4. Fentanyl transdermal- Duragesic
Uses:
Opioid Analgesics is used mainly for treatment of Opioids has long been used to treat acute pain (such as post-operative pain). They have also been found to be invaluable in palliative care to alleviate the severe, chronic, …show more content…
Lightheadedness
2. Sedation
3. Drowsiness
4. Tremors
5. Nausea
6. Constipation
7. Anorexia

Contraindications:
These drugs are contraindicated in those who are allergic to opioid analgesics. Those with acute asthma, emphysema severe renal or hepatic dysfunction. Opioid analgesics are pregnancy category C drugs which means they are not recommended for use while pregnant.

Nursing Diagnoses
Ineffective Breathing Pattern- related to pain and effects of opioids
Constipation- related to decreased mobility caused by opioids
Imbalanced Nutrition(less than body requirements)- related to anorexia caused by opioids

Nursing Process:
Assessment
Nurse document onset, intensity and location of pain
Nurse document health and current drug therapy history past and current drug therapy
Nurse obtain BP, pulse and respiratory rate and pain rating in 5-10 minute if giving by IV, 20-30 minutes if given IM and 30 or more minutes if given orally. It is important for the nurse to ask about pain regularly.
Outcomes:
Monitor for Therapeutic
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