Ochem Lab Report Distillation
Distillation
Objective: To illustrate the use of distillation for separating a mixture of two volatile liquids with different boiling points.
Background: Distillation consists of heating a liquid until it vaporizes, and then condensing the vapor and collecting it in a separate container. Distillation is used to separate mixtures of liquids that either have different boiling points, or that have one component that does not distill. There are many types of distillation, each of which has a distinct purpose. Steam distillation is used to isolate volatile substances that have high boiling points. When two immiscible liquids are distilled together, the amounts of each component in the distillate are constant. Also, the boiling point of the mixture is lower than that of either of the individual components. This is because the components do not have compatible intermolecular forces, and so the component in lesser concentration will form “bubbles”, like oil droplets in water, weakening the overall intermolecular forces in the mixture, and thus lowering the boiling point. This process allows high- boiling compounds, which can decompose before they boil if heated alone, to be distilled at temperatures below 100°C. Once the liquid mixture is heated to its boiling point, the liquid is converted to vapor. The vapors, richer in a more volatile component, are then condensed into a separate container.
Possible Compounds:
Results: A. Distillation 1. Procedure a.) Start circulating the cooling water in the condenser and adjust the heat so that the liquid boils rapidly. During the initial stages of the distillation, continue to maintain a rapid boiling rate. Because the mass of glass and other materials is fairly large, it will take 10-20 minutes of heating before the distillation temperature begins to rise rapidly and approaches the boiling point of the distillate. When the temperature begins to level off, you should soon see drops of distillate falling into
Objective: To illustrate the use of distillation for separating a mixture of two volatile liquids with different boiling points.
Background: Distillation consists of heating a liquid until it vaporizes, and then condensing the vapor and collecting it in a separate container. Distillation is used to separate mixtures of liquids that either have different boiling points, or that have one component that does not distill. There are many types of distillation, each of which has a distinct purpose. Steam distillation is used to isolate volatile substances that have high boiling points. When two immiscible liquids are distilled together, the amounts of each component in the distillate are constant. Also, the boiling point of the mixture is lower than that of either of the individual components. This is because the components do not have compatible intermolecular forces, and so the component in lesser concentration will form “bubbles”, like oil droplets in water, weakening the overall intermolecular forces in the mixture, and thus lowering the boiling point. This process allows high- boiling compounds, which can decompose before they boil if heated alone, to be distilled at temperatures below 100°C. Once the liquid mixture is heated to its boiling point, the liquid is converted to vapor. The vapors, richer in a more volatile component, are then condensed into a separate container.
Possible Compounds:
Results: A. Distillation 1. Procedure a.) Start circulating the cooling water in the condenser and adjust the heat so that the liquid boils rapidly. During the initial stages of the distillation, continue to maintain a rapid boiling rate. Because the mass of glass and other materials is fairly large, it will take 10-20 minutes of heating before the distillation temperature begins to rise rapidly and approaches the boiling point of the distillate. When the temperature begins to level off, you should soon see drops of distillate falling into