nutritional requirements of plant tissue culture
Nutritional requirements
The composition of medium for the tissue culture is the most important key factor in the successful culture of plant cells. The medium should be accurately defined of inorganic and organic chemical additives so as to provide i) the nutrients for the survival of the plant cells, tissues and organs under culture and ii) the optimal physical condition of pH, osmotic pressure, etc.
In the culture of plant cells formulating optimum type of medium favorable for in vitro culture was achieved many years ago. The Knop's (1865) mineral solution was the widely used medium by early investigators. Gautherat (1939) developed callus culture medium from
Uspenski and Uspenskaia (1925) nutrient solution. A systematic study of mineral reqiurements of plant tissue and organs in culture was made by Murashige and Skoog
(1962) followed by the scientists Linsmaier and Skoog (1965), Vasil and Hildebrant
(1966) and Nitsch and Nitsch (1969) resulting in several media to suit particular needs.
Nutrients
A standard basal medium consists of a balanced mixture of macronutrients and micronutrients (usually salts of chlorides, nitrates, sulphates, phosphates and iodides of Ca,
Mg, K, Na, Fe, Zn and B, a carbon source, vitamins, phytohormones and organic additives.
Among the above mentioned nutrients some are essential and some are optional. The essential components include inorganic nutrients and organic nutrients like carbohydrates besides phytohormones and vitamins, organic additives like natural extract and liquid endosperm are optional.
Inorganic salts
Inorganic nutrients of a plant cell culture are those required by the normal plants. The optimum concentration of each nutrient for achieving maximum growth rates varies considerably. The major elements are N, P, K, S, Mg and Ca. Other nutrients such as Co,
Fe, B, Zn, Mo, Cu, I are microelements.
Macroelements
Nitrogen
Of all the mineral nutrients N plays a vital role in growth and
The composition of medium for the tissue culture is the most important key factor in the successful culture of plant cells. The medium should be accurately defined of inorganic and organic chemical additives so as to provide i) the nutrients for the survival of the plant cells, tissues and organs under culture and ii) the optimal physical condition of pH, osmotic pressure, etc.
In the culture of plant cells formulating optimum type of medium favorable for in vitro culture was achieved many years ago. The Knop's (1865) mineral solution was the widely used medium by early investigators. Gautherat (1939) developed callus culture medium from
Uspenski and Uspenskaia (1925) nutrient solution. A systematic study of mineral reqiurements of plant tissue and organs in culture was made by Murashige and Skoog
(1962) followed by the scientists Linsmaier and Skoog (1965), Vasil and Hildebrant
(1966) and Nitsch and Nitsch (1969) resulting in several media to suit particular needs.
Nutrients
A standard basal medium consists of a balanced mixture of macronutrients and micronutrients (usually salts of chlorides, nitrates, sulphates, phosphates and iodides of Ca,
Mg, K, Na, Fe, Zn and B, a carbon source, vitamins, phytohormones and organic additives.
Among the above mentioned nutrients some are essential and some are optional. The essential components include inorganic nutrients and organic nutrients like carbohydrates besides phytohormones and vitamins, organic additives like natural extract and liquid endosperm are optional.
Inorganic salts
Inorganic nutrients of a plant cell culture are those required by the normal plants. The optimum concentration of each nutrient for achieving maximum growth rates varies considerably. The major elements are N, P, K, S, Mg and Ca. Other nutrients such as Co,
Fe, B, Zn, Mo, Cu, I are microelements.
Macroelements
Nitrogen
Of all the mineral nutrients N plays a vital role in growth and