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Null Hypothesis

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Null Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis (McMillan, 2012, p. 49): A null hypothesis states that no significant statistical relationship or difference exists between the groups that are being compared in astudy.
This term relates to all of the studies I read for my research study analyses. They all compared the academic achievement of high school athletes and non-athletes in some way or another. While the null hypotheses were not explicitly mentioned in the studies, they all would have been something along the lines of, “There is no significant difference between the academic achievement of athletes and non-athletes in secondary schools.”
Simple Random Sampling (McMillan, 2012, p. 98): Simple random sampling is when each member of a population has an equal chance
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167): Structured questions are a type of interview question that provides the participants of a study with multiple responses from which they can choose an answer. Structured questions are used for data collection in quantitative research studies.
I would use structured questions if I were to conduct a study that was meant to look into how important extracurricular sports were to high school students. I could ask questions like, “How important is it for your school to provide a variety of sports in which you can compete? It is very important, important, not very important, or not important at all?”
Longitudinal Survey (McMillan, 2012, p. 199): A longitudinal survey is used to study the same group of participants over a specific period of time. The participants are surveyed multiple times throughout the length of the study to observe how their responses may or may not have changed.
I would utilize a longitudinal survey if I were to conduct a study that investigated if there were a relationship between school connectedness and years spent in secondary school. I would create a survey and administer it to the participants each year of their high school careers to see how their feeling of school connectedness changed, or did not change, over

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