Splicing and Connection Performance
In this paper you will find 3 factors that could affect splicing performance, 3 intrinsic factors, and 3 extrinsic factors.
3 Factors that could affect splicing performance could be attenuation, modal dispersion, and chromatic dispersion. Attenuation can cause splice performance issues because of dirty fiber end faces, excessive gaps between fibers or improperly installed connector offsets of fiber cores when mated. Modal Dispersion also known as angle acceptance is another factor that can cause splicing performance issues. This is caused with a differential delay between the modes, which can cause a lower bandwidth. Lastly, you have chromatic dispersion which is the limited bandwidth of certain single mode optical fibers. This affects due to the length of the light that is emitted through wave lengths. The best way for one to avoid these affects is to make sure that the ratings match and the splicing is perfect along with the end faces meeting together.
Next thing to discuss are the 3 factors for intrinsic performance. These factors are Numerical Aperture Mismatch, Core Diameter Mismatch, and Mode field Diameter Mismatch. A Numerical Aperture Mismatch can occur when the NA of one optical fiber is different from the NA of the other optical fiber. The connection mismatch in core diameter can occur when there is a difference in the core diameters of the two optical fibers. Lastly, in mode field diameter mismatch occurs when there is a difference in the mode field diameters of two single mode optical fibers. To avoid these issues you want to make sure that the mating sleeves are clean and free of dirt. To be clean of any issues use proper cutting equipment for splicing for the appropriate diameters of each end faces match.
Lastly, discussed are the 3 factors of Extrinsic in connection performance. These factors tend to deal with the fiber itself. They deal with the alignment or mating of the optical fibers,