neuromuscular juntion and exocytosis - how botox works
Exocytosis and Neuromuscular Junction
The Underlying Affect of Botox in our System
Botulinum neurotoxin A, (BoNT-A), commonly known as Botox, is a type of neurotoxin that targets the neuromuscular junction (Merchand-Pauvert, V., Aymard, C., Giboin, L., Dominici, F., Rossi, A., & Mazzocchino, R. (2012)). The neurotoxin is produced by an anaerobic bacterium of the Clostridium protein that is very famous and commonly known as it is used for cosmetic purposes such as smoothening wrinkles on our faces, migraines and so on. Botulinum neurotoxin A is so successful in what it is intended to do because of its natural ability to target the neuromuscular junction.
Botox is a natural neurotoxin that naturally has an affinity and attraction to target the neuromuscular junction when it is injected into anima (Merchand-Pauvert, V. et. al, (2012)). The neuromuscular junction is a specialized type of synapse formed between the muscle cells and neurons. Because of the Botox, when it is injected it causes a disturbance between the synapses. Botulinum neurotoxin A works by preventing the release of a neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, from the neurotransmitter junction, which does not allow the signal to travel pass through to be converted back into an electrical signal (Alberts, 2010).
Next, Botulinum neurotoxin A has another affect on another process that occurs during nerve signaling and the transportation of chemical signals that cause muscles to contract. Botox prevents or disrupts the path of a neurotransmitter from leaving the cell, which is essentially the disruption exocytosis (Botulinum toxin, 2013). By blocking the neuromuscular junction, the neurotransmitter is not allowed to leave the cell and transmit a nerve impulse to the muscle, causing it to contract (Medical Device Source, 2013) . Exocytosis is the process by which a molecule is secreted out of the cell (Alberts,
The Underlying Affect of Botox in our System
Botulinum neurotoxin A, (BoNT-A), commonly known as Botox, is a type of neurotoxin that targets the neuromuscular junction (Merchand-Pauvert, V., Aymard, C., Giboin, L., Dominici, F., Rossi, A., & Mazzocchino, R. (2012)). The neurotoxin is produced by an anaerobic bacterium of the Clostridium protein that is very famous and commonly known as it is used for cosmetic purposes such as smoothening wrinkles on our faces, migraines and so on. Botulinum neurotoxin A is so successful in what it is intended to do because of its natural ability to target the neuromuscular junction.
Botox is a natural neurotoxin that naturally has an affinity and attraction to target the neuromuscular junction when it is injected into anima (Merchand-Pauvert, V. et. al, (2012)). The neuromuscular junction is a specialized type of synapse formed between the muscle cells and neurons. Because of the Botox, when it is injected it causes a disturbance between the synapses. Botulinum neurotoxin A works by preventing the release of a neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, from the neurotransmitter junction, which does not allow the signal to travel pass through to be converted back into an electrical signal (Alberts, 2010).
Next, Botulinum neurotoxin A has another affect on another process that occurs during nerve signaling and the transportation of chemical signals that cause muscles to contract. Botox prevents or disrupts the path of a neurotransmitter from leaving the cell, which is essentially the disruption exocytosis (Botulinum toxin, 2013). By blocking the neuromuscular junction, the neurotransmitter is not allowed to leave the cell and transmit a nerve impulse to the muscle, causing it to contract (Medical Device Source, 2013) . Exocytosis is the process by which a molecule is secreted out of the cell (Alberts,
References: Alberts, B. (2010). Essential Cell Biology (3. ed.). New York, N.Y.: Garland Science Botulinum Toxin. Retrieved October 22, 2013, from http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Botulinum+Toxin Merchand-Pauvert, V., Aymard, C., Giboin, L., Dominici, F., Rossi, A., & Mazzocchino, R. (2012). Beyond muscular effects: depression of spinal recurrent inhibition after botulinum neurotoxin A. The Journal of Physiology, 591(4), 1017-1029. Medical Device Source. Retrieved October 22, 2013, from http://www.medicaldevicesource.com/botox/How_Botox_Works.aspx