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Neurodevelopmental Disorders

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Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Abstract on the Effects of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, cerebral palsy, dyslexia, dyscalculia, Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, and autism spectrum disorders are among the neurodevelopmental disorders discussed throughout this paper. These development disorders affect the central nervous system, comprised of the body and the brain. Though there is a physical component to the majority of these conditions, the purpose of this paper is to project further knowledge of other aspects of the disorder. Pertaining to the afflicted individual, these effects are mental, emotional, financial, and social. Severity of disorders, symptoms, and the disorder’s effect vary from individual. None of these disorders are curable. However, quality of life for someone with cerebral palsy, autism, or dyslexia, can be improved with early diagnosis and treatment, such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, and behavioral therapy.
The Effects of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders has been on the rise for the past four decades, according to the third edition of America’s Children and Environment (2011). A neurodevelopmental disorder is defined as a disorder that affects the nervous system. These conditions include Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), autism, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, dyslexia, dyscalculia, and Fragile X syndrome. Such disorders take more than a physical toll on the diagnosed individual. Neurodevelopmental disorders take a hefty financial, emotional, and mental toll on family members affected throughout the diagnosed individual’s development. Special education, medical, and support services are required for individuals with a diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental disorder. Causes of these disorders are generally accepted as multifactorial—they may be caused by anything related to genetic factors and environmental agents. However, the true causes of the majority of these



References: Lewis, Vicky. (2002). Development and Disability. Berlin, Germany: Blackwell Publishing. Roberts, Joanne. (2007). Speech and Language Development and Intervention in Down Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome. R. Chapman, S. Warren (Eds.). New York, NY: Brookes Publishing. Riddick, B. (2009). Living with Dyslexia: The social and emotional consequences of specific learning difficulties/disabilities. New York, NY: David Fulton Publishers. Burack, J.A., Charman, T., Yirmiya, N. (Eds). (2001). The Development of Autism: Perspectives from Theory and Research. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Eribaum Associates, Inc., Publishers. Rosenbaum, P.L, & Rosenbloom, L Scherzer, A.L. (1990). Early Diagnosis and Therapy in Cerebral Palsy: A primer on infant developmental problems (Pediatric Habilitation, Vol. 6). London, England: CRC Press. Hansen, R.L. & Rogers, S.J. (2013). Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Washington, DC.: American Psychiatric Publishing Johnson, M.H United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2013). America’s Children and The Environment: Third Edition. Washington, D.C.: NSCEP.

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