National Innovation Systems
In this paper, we will provide basic summaries and critical reflections on the following 2 papers: 1. “Continental, national and sub-national innovation systems—complementarity and economic growth” and 2. “Determinants of National Innovation Systems: Policy implications for developing countries”. We will apply the theories provided in these 2 articles to developing countries, China and India for the purpose of critical reflection. This paper will be divided into 5 sections. Section 1 will be a basic summary of the first article. In section 2, we will provide a reflection by examining China and India’s advantages and disadvantages of their National Innovation system and economic growth. Section 3 will contain a brief summary of the second article. Then, in section 4, we will provide a reflection by suggesting how China and India can improve their National Innovation Systems based on the theories discussed in this article.
Section 1 Summary of the article “Continental, national and sub-national innovation systems—complementarity and economic growth”
The main purpose of the first article by Chris Freeman is to depict the role of a country’s innovation system on its economic growth. Freeman takes an historical approach by analyzing various countries’ developments over the last two centuries. The reason being that over time, technical change and institutional change are key variables that are used to explain a country’s economic growth. The article reports that there is significant divergence in economic growth rate between the developed and developing countries over time. The reason for this divergence is the social capability for institutional change of a country’s innovation systems.
According to Freeman’s article, there are two approaches used to define a country’s national innovation system: narrow and broad. Institutions that insist on promoting the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge while being the main sources of innovation depict a narrow national
Section 1 Summary of the article “Continental, national and sub-national innovation systems—complementarity and economic growth”
The main purpose of the first article by Chris Freeman is to depict the role of a country’s innovation system on its economic growth. Freeman takes an historical approach by analyzing various countries’ developments over the last two centuries. The reason being that over time, technical change and institutional change are key variables that are used to explain a country’s economic growth. The article reports that there is significant divergence in economic growth rate between the developed and developing countries over time. The reason for this divergence is the social capability for institutional change of a country’s innovation systems.
According to Freeman’s article, there are two approaches used to define a country’s national innovation system: narrow and broad. Institutions that insist on promoting the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge while being the main sources of innovation depict a narrow national
References: Bartels, F. L., Voss, H., Lederer, S., & Bachtrog, C. (2012). Determinants of National Innovation Systems: Policy implications for developing countries. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, 14(1), 2-18. Demographics of India. (2013). Retrieved June 2, 2013 from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_India Freeman, C. (2002). Continental, national and sub-national innovation systems—complementarity and economic growth. Research policy, 31(2): 191-211. Sedghi, A & Burn-Murdoch, J. (Mar 5, 2013). World 's top 100 universities 2013: their reputations ranked by Times Higher Education. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2013/mar/05/world-top-100-universities-reputation-rankings-times-higher-education Wu, X., Revi, A., & Doshi, H. The Comparison of China and India: National Innovation System. Academia. edu. Retrieved from: http://www.academia.edu/1979404/The_Comparison_of_China_and_India_National_Innovation_System