Naming Symbols: The Process Of Varying Compounds

The process of naming compounds allows chemists to communicate formulae in words rather than in chemical symbols. There are, however, a few rules about naming compounds which need to be known in order to write a formula in word form or translate a compound in word form into chemical symbols.
Ionic compounds
If the compound is ionic, then the name of the cation (usually metal) comes first, followed by the 'compound' name of the anion. To find the compound name of an anion, replace the end of the element's name with 'ide'. name of cation + name of anion, suffix 'ide'
E.g. NaCl: sodium, the cation, first, followed by chlorine changed with the suffix 'ide' = sodium chloride
If the anion is polyatomic and contains oxygen, then the suffix is
This reaction produces a salt and water. acid + base salt + water
Neutralisation is commonly used in a number of remedies, such as the treatment of bites and stings. Bluebottles inject a basic substance when they sting, so a weak acid like vinegar (acetic acid) will neutralise a bluebottle sting. Conversely, bee stings are slightly acidic, so a bee sting would be neutralised with a weak base, such as sodium bicarbonate. Seafood gives off an odour due to the basic amines it contains. An acidic acid substance such as lemon juice is squeezed over it to neutralise the smell. Excess acid in the stomach causes indigestion, so it can be neutralised with a weak base called an antacid.
An example of an equation using this format is when hydrochloric acid meets sodium hydroxide to form sodium chloride and water:
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Adding an acid to a base does not necessarily mean that the product is automatically neutralised. The strength of each of the reactants must be matched so that all the ions released by the acid find a place with the base. A strong acid with a weak base will result in an acidic salt, a weak acid with a strong base will result in a basic salt, while acids and bases of the same strength will neutralise
Please note that, except for the first four alkanes (n=1..4), their chemical names can be derived from the number of C atoms by using Greek numerical prefixes denoting the number of carbons and the suffix "-ane". Formula | Name(s) | No. of Isomers | m.p. [°C] | b.p. [°C] | CH4 | methane (natural gas) | 1 | -183 | -162 | C2H6 | ethane | 1 | -172 | -89 | C3H8 | propane; dimethyl methane | 1 | -188 | -42 | C4H10 | n-butane; methylethyl methane | 2 | -138 | 0 | C5H12 | n-pentane | 3 | -130 | 36 | C6H14 | n-hexane | 5 | -95 | 69 | C7H16 | n-heptane | 9 | -91 | 98 | C8H18 | n-octane | 18 | -57 | 126 | C9H20 | n-nonane | 35 | -54 | 151 | C10H22 | n-decane | 75 | -30 | 174 |
The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons contain only two elements, hydrogen and carbon. A saturated hydrocarbon or alkane is a hydrocarbon in which all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds. Each carbon atom forms four bonds and each hydrogen forms a single bond to a carbon. The bonding around each carbon atom is tetrahedral, so all bond angles are 109.5°. As a result, the carbon atoms in higher alkanes are arranged in zig-zag rather than linear