My Ambition Is to Become an Enginer
PHYSICS
HIGHER SECONDARY SECOND YEAR
VOLUME - I
Revised based on the recommendation of the Textbook Development Committee
Untouchability is a sin Untouchability is a crime Untouchability is inhuman
TAMILNADU TEXTBOOK CORPORATION
COLLEGE ROAD, CHENNAI - 600 006
c Government of Tamilnadu First edition - 2005 Revised edition - 2007
Dr. S. GUNASEKARAN
Reader Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai - 600 030
CHAIRPERSON
Reviewers
P SARVAJANA RAJAN .
Selection Grade Lecturer in Physics Govt.Arts College Nandanam, Chennai - 600 035
S. RASARASAN
P Assistant in Physics .G. Govt. Hr. Sec. School Kodambakkam, Chennai - 600 024
S. KEMASARI
Selection Grade Lecturer in Physics Queen Mary’s College (Autonomous) Chennai - 600 004
GIRIJA RAMANUJAM
P Assistant in Physics .G. Govt. Girls’ Hr. Sec. School Ashok Nagar, Chennai - 600 083
Dr. K. MANIMEGALAI
Reader in Physics The Ethiraj College for Women Chennai - 600 008
P LOGANATHAN .
P Assistant in Physics .G. Govt. Girls’ Hr. Sec. School Tiruchengode - 637 211 Namakkal District
G. SANKARI
Selection Grade Lecturer in Physics Meenakshi College for Women Kodambakkam, Chennai - 600 024
Dr. N. VIJAYAN
Principal Zion Matric Hr. Sec. School Selaiyur Chennai - 600 073
G. ANBALAGAN
Lecturer in Physics Aringnar Anna Govt. Arts College Villupuram.
Authors
Dr. HEMAMALINI RAJAGOPAL
Senior Scale Lecturer in Physics Queen Mary’s College (Autonomous) Chennai - 600 004
S. PONNUSAMY
Asst. Professor of Physics S.R.M. Engineering College S.R.M. Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed University) Kattankulathur - 603 203
Pie: R. rc s
This book has been prepare b t e D rectorate of School Education on behalf of d y h i the Government of Tamilnadu This book has been printed on 60 G.S.M paper P i t d b o sta : r n e y ffe t
Preface
The most important and crucial stage of school education is the higher secondary level. This is the
HIGHER SECONDARY SECOND YEAR
VOLUME - I
Revised based on the recommendation of the Textbook Development Committee
Untouchability is a sin Untouchability is a crime Untouchability is inhuman
TAMILNADU TEXTBOOK CORPORATION
COLLEGE ROAD, CHENNAI - 600 006
c Government of Tamilnadu First edition - 2005 Revised edition - 2007
Dr. S. GUNASEKARAN
Reader Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai - 600 030
CHAIRPERSON
Reviewers
P SARVAJANA RAJAN .
Selection Grade Lecturer in Physics Govt.Arts College Nandanam, Chennai - 600 035
S. RASARASAN
P Assistant in Physics .G. Govt. Hr. Sec. School Kodambakkam, Chennai - 600 024
S. KEMASARI
Selection Grade Lecturer in Physics Queen Mary’s College (Autonomous) Chennai - 600 004
GIRIJA RAMANUJAM
P Assistant in Physics .G. Govt. Girls’ Hr. Sec. School Ashok Nagar, Chennai - 600 083
Dr. K. MANIMEGALAI
Reader in Physics The Ethiraj College for Women Chennai - 600 008
P LOGANATHAN .
P Assistant in Physics .G. Govt. Girls’ Hr. Sec. School Tiruchengode - 637 211 Namakkal District
G. SANKARI
Selection Grade Lecturer in Physics Meenakshi College for Women Kodambakkam, Chennai - 600 024
Dr. N. VIJAYAN
Principal Zion Matric Hr. Sec. School Selaiyur Chennai - 600 073
G. ANBALAGAN
Lecturer in Physics Aringnar Anna Govt. Arts College Villupuram.
Authors
Dr. HEMAMALINI RAJAGOPAL
Senior Scale Lecturer in Physics Queen Mary’s College (Autonomous) Chennai - 600 004
S. PONNUSAMY
Asst. Professor of Physics S.R.M. Engineering College S.R.M. Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed University) Kattankulathur - 603 203
Pie: R. rc s
This book has been prepare b t e D rectorate of School Education on behalf of d y h i the Government of Tamilnadu This book has been printed on 60 G.S.M paper P i t d b o sta : r n e y ffe t
Preface
The most important and crucial stage of school education is the higher secondary level. This is the