Muscle Metabolism
Muscular System: Muscle Metabolism 1. List the three roles of ATP in muscle contraction:
1. _energizing the power stroke of the myosin cross bridge________________________
2. _disconnecting the myosin head from the binding site on actin at the conclusion of a power stroke_________________
3. _energizing the calcium ion pump; transporting calcium___________________ 2. The potential energy in ATP is released when the terminal high-energy bond is broken by a process called _hydrolysis________________________. Write the end products of this process: ATP (+ H2O) _ADP, inorganic phosphate, & energy or ADP + Pi + energy ________ 3. Rebuilding ADP into ATP with a new source of energy is carried out by a process called __dehydration synthesis ______________________________. Write the equation for this process: ___ADP + Pi + energy _____ ATP (+ H2O) 4. List the three processes used to synthesize additional ATP when ATP supplies are low:
1. __hydrolysis of creatine phosphate_______________________
2. __glycolysis_______________________
3. __Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation _______________________ 5. An immediate source of energy is _creatine phosphate ____ (CP), but the supplies are limited and rapidly depleted. One molecule of CP produces _1___ ATP. 6. Glucose is a major source of energy for synthesizing ATP. List the two sources of glucose:
1. _directly from the blood________________________
2. _by hydrolysis of glycogen stored in the muscle cell__ 7. _glycolysis ___________ is the process that breaks down glucose. Name two products of the breakdown of glucose:
1. __2 ATP_______________________
2. __ 2 pyruvic acid_______________________ If oxygen is not available, pyruvic acid is converted to _lactic acid_________ acid, which is the end product of _anaerobic_____________ respiration. 8. If oxygen is available, the process is known as __aerobic___________ respiration. Name two sources of oxygen:
1. _energizing the power stroke of the myosin cross bridge________________________
2. _disconnecting the myosin head from the binding site on actin at the conclusion of a power stroke_________________
3. _energizing the calcium ion pump; transporting calcium___________________ 2. The potential energy in ATP is released when the terminal high-energy bond is broken by a process called _hydrolysis________________________. Write the end products of this process: ATP (+ H2O) _ADP, inorganic phosphate, & energy or ADP + Pi + energy ________ 3. Rebuilding ADP into ATP with a new source of energy is carried out by a process called __dehydration synthesis ______________________________. Write the equation for this process: ___ADP + Pi + energy _____ ATP (+ H2O) 4. List the three processes used to synthesize additional ATP when ATP supplies are low:
1. __hydrolysis of creatine phosphate_______________________
2. __glycolysis_______________________
3. __Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation _______________________ 5. An immediate source of energy is _creatine phosphate ____ (CP), but the supplies are limited and rapidly depleted. One molecule of CP produces _1___ ATP. 6. Glucose is a major source of energy for synthesizing ATP. List the two sources of glucose:
1. _directly from the blood________________________
2. _by hydrolysis of glycogen stored in the muscle cell__ 7. _glycolysis ___________ is the process that breaks down glucose. Name two products of the breakdown of glucose:
1. __2 ATP_______________________
2. __ 2 pyruvic acid_______________________ If oxygen is not available, pyruvic acid is converted to _lactic acid_________ acid, which is the end product of _anaerobic_____________ respiration. 8. If oxygen is available, the process is known as __aerobic___________ respiration. Name two sources of oxygen: