Multiple Sclerosis Case Studies
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder in the central nervous system that, effecting young adults, leading to non-traumatic disabilities. This disease starts as an auto-immune disease in which CD4 T cells cross the blood brain barrier and attack myelin sheaths of olygodendrocytes resulting in demyelination (Gandhi et al., 2010; Lund et al., 2013). Initially this is a transient process and re-myelination occurs, so initial stage of the disease is characterized by neurological dysfunctions that eventually recover. However this re-myelination is not permanent (Compston and Coles, 2008; Wakerley et al., 2012). The continuous immune attacks cause serious pathological changes of myelin sheaths hence disease progression and development of serious disabilities . (Makris et al., 2013; …show more content…
& Munger, K. L. 2007. Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part II: Noninfectious factors. Annals of neurology, 61, 504-513.
Compston, A. & Coles, A. 2008. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet, 372, 1502-17.
Edge, L. Vitamin D: hope on the horizon for MS prevention?
Eshaghi, A., Bodini, B., Ridgway, G. R., García-Lorenzo, D., Tozer, D., Sahraian, M. A., Thompson, A. J. & Ciccarelli, O. 2013. Temporal and spatial evolution of grey matter atrophy in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. NeuroImage.
Gandhi, R., Laroni, A. & Weiner, H. L. 2010. Role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Journal of neuroimmunology, 221, 7-14.
Hafler, D. A. 2004. Multiple sclerosis. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 113, 788-794.
Hoppenbrouwers, I. A. & Hintzen, R. Q. 2011. Genetics of multiple sclerosis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 1812, 194-201.
Keegan, B. M. & Noseworthy, J. H. 2002. Multiple sclerosis. Annu Rev Med, 53, 285-302.
Koch-Henriksen, N. & S√∏Rensen, P. S. 2010. The changing demographic pattern of multiple sclerosis epidemiology. The Lancet Neurology, 9,
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder in the central nervous system that, effecting young adults, leading to non-traumatic disabilities. This disease starts as an auto-immune disease in which CD4 T cells cross the blood brain barrier and attack myelin sheaths of olygodendrocytes resulting in demyelination (Gandhi et al., 2010; Lund et al., 2013). Initially this is a transient process and re-myelination occurs, so initial stage of the disease is characterized by neurological dysfunctions that eventually recover. However this re-myelination is not permanent (Compston and Coles, 2008; Wakerley et al., 2012). The continuous immune attacks cause serious pathological changes of myelin sheaths hence disease progression and development of serious disabilities . (Makris et al., 2013; …show more content…
& Munger, K. L. 2007. Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part II: Noninfectious factors. Annals of neurology, 61, 504-513.
Compston, A. & Coles, A. 2008. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet, 372, 1502-17.
Edge, L. Vitamin D: hope on the horizon for MS prevention?
Eshaghi, A., Bodini, B., Ridgway, G. R., García-Lorenzo, D., Tozer, D., Sahraian, M. A., Thompson, A. J. & Ciccarelli, O. 2013. Temporal and spatial evolution of grey matter atrophy in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. NeuroImage.
Gandhi, R., Laroni, A. & Weiner, H. L. 2010. Role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Journal of neuroimmunology, 221, 7-14.
Hafler, D. A. 2004. Multiple sclerosis. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 113, 788-794.
Hoppenbrouwers, I. A. & Hintzen, R. Q. 2011. Genetics of multiple sclerosis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 1812, 194-201.
Keegan, B. M. & Noseworthy, J. H. 2002. Multiple sclerosis. Annu Rev Med, 53, 285-302.
Koch-Henriksen, N. & S√∏Rensen, P. S. 2010. The changing demographic pattern of multiple sclerosis epidemiology. The Lancet Neurology, 9,