Muhammad Anwar El-Sadat

Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat was an Egyptian army officer and politician who remained the president of Egypt until his death on October 6, 1981. He was born on December 25, 1918. He was awarded Nobel Prize for his initiation of the peace negotiations with Israeli Premier Menachem Begin. Under their leadership, Egypt and Israel made peace with each other in 1979. Graduated from the Cairo Military Academy in 1938, Sadat was a politician from the very beginning. During World War II he conspired to exude the British from Egypt with the help of the Germans. The British jailed him in 1942, but he afterwards escaped. By 1950 Sadat had joined Gamal Abdel Nasser's Free Officers organization and participated in their armed coup against the Egyptian monarchy in 1952 and supported Nasser's election to the presidency in 1956. (Sullivan, 2011) Sadat held numerous high offices that led to his serving in the vice presidency two times, from 1964-66, 1969-70. On Nasser’s death on September 28, 1970 he became acting president and was elected president in a plebiscite on October 15. His domestic policies covered decentralization and diversification of the economy and abatement of Egypt's political structure. Sadat made his most dramatic efforts in foreign affairs. Opinioned that the Soviet Union gave him insufficient support in Egypt's ongoing conflict with Israel, he sent home thousands of Soviet technicians and advisers from the country in 1972. The subsequent year he had begun, with Syria, a collective invasion of Israel that began the Arab-Israeli war of October 1973(The Anwar Sadat, 2011). The Egyptian army consummated a due surprise in its attack on the Israeli-held Sinai Peninsula, and, although Israel fortunately counterattacked, Sadat came out of the war with extremely improved éclat as the first Arab leader to in fact retake some territory from Israel. Sadat began to work toward peace in the Middle East after the war. He made a two-day visit to Israel on November 19, 1977, during