Motivational Theories
Maf635
i) McClelland’s Theory of Needs McClelland’s theory of needs was created by David Clarence McClelland. He is known for his work in the field of motivation. McClelland was influenced to come up with the theory of needs after further developed the theory of Henry Murray who was one of the original psychologists to scrutinize human needs. This theory is important in influencing the person’s motivation and effectiveness in certain job functions. The theory of needs is being classified into three broad categories which are, need for power, need for affiliation and need for achievement. Firstly, need for power. The need for power is a desire for authority. The need for power cannot be only perceived as need to be dictator but it is the need to be strong, influential and give impacts on others. People who need personal power tend to direct others and this need often seen as undesirable, while people who need institutional power want to organize the efforts of others to achieve the organization’s goals. There are two types of power which are personal and institutional. For example, manager with a high need for institutional power tend to be more effective than manager with a high need for personal power. In addition, the need for power helps manager to ensure that all employees always on right track to achieve the organization’s goals. Secondly, need for affiliation. The need for affiliation refers to a desire to seek approval from others, conform to their wishes and expectations, and avoid conflict and confrontation (Mcshane.S.T, 2010). Besides, it is the desire for harmonious relationship with other people and the need to be accepted by other people. People with high need for affiliation always wanted to be accepted where they try to make favorable image of themselves. For example, manager with the need for affiliation prefer tasks that require constant interaction with subordinates or co-workers. This need help manager to ensure that the employees understand
i) McClelland’s Theory of Needs McClelland’s theory of needs was created by David Clarence McClelland. He is known for his work in the field of motivation. McClelland was influenced to come up with the theory of needs after further developed the theory of Henry Murray who was one of the original psychologists to scrutinize human needs. This theory is important in influencing the person’s motivation and effectiveness in certain job functions. The theory of needs is being classified into three broad categories which are, need for power, need for affiliation and need for achievement. Firstly, need for power. The need for power is a desire for authority. The need for power cannot be only perceived as need to be dictator but it is the need to be strong, influential and give impacts on others. People who need personal power tend to direct others and this need often seen as undesirable, while people who need institutional power want to organize the efforts of others to achieve the organization’s goals. There are two types of power which are personal and institutional. For example, manager with a high need for institutional power tend to be more effective than manager with a high need for personal power. In addition, the need for power helps manager to ensure that all employees always on right track to achieve the organization’s goals. Secondly, need for affiliation. The need for affiliation refers to a desire to seek approval from others, conform to their wishes and expectations, and avoid conflict and confrontation (Mcshane.S.T, 2010). Besides, it is the desire for harmonious relationship with other people and the need to be accepted by other people. People with high need for affiliation always wanted to be accepted where they try to make favorable image of themselves. For example, manager with the need for affiliation prefer tasks that require constant interaction with subordinates or co-workers. This need help manager to ensure that the employees understand