Momentum principal and jet impacts
University of Birmingham
Mechanical Engineering
Experiments and Statistics
The Short Laboratory Report
Momentum principle and jet impacts
Introduction
Water turbines are widely used throughout the world to generate power, they were developed in the 19th century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids. This is applying the principle of conservation of linear momentum theorem. When a jet of fluid strike a flat or curved surface it will produce a force. The fluid will not rebound from the plate and moves over the surface tangentially. This report will examine the application of the momentum principle to fluid flows by analysing the behaviour of water jets and their impact on different surface. It will show the force produced by a jet of water as it strikes a flat plate, curve surface and then compare this to the momentum flow rate in the jet. The report is divided into four main sections. It will first consider different results that were taken in the experiment and then required calculation were made for both surface. It will then go on to describe the difference between the experimental and theoretical results. The third part compares forces in a graph. Finally some conclusion will be provided as to explain the errors and difference between the theoretical and experimental result.
Objectives
This experiment demonstrates the principle of conservation of linear momentum by measuring the force generated on a flat and curved surface due to an impinging water jet and comparing these forces with those that would be expected from an application of the momentum principle to the control volume that surrounds the water jet.
Theoretical consideration
Mechanical work can be produced by using pressure of moving fluid at high velocity. As an example jet of water from nozzle can produce force when it strikes a plane of the surface of plate. If the jet of water impinges on the flat plate which
Mechanical Engineering
Experiments and Statistics
The Short Laboratory Report
Momentum principle and jet impacts
Introduction
Water turbines are widely used throughout the world to generate power, they were developed in the 19th century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids. This is applying the principle of conservation of linear momentum theorem. When a jet of fluid strike a flat or curved surface it will produce a force. The fluid will not rebound from the plate and moves over the surface tangentially. This report will examine the application of the momentum principle to fluid flows by analysing the behaviour of water jets and their impact on different surface. It will show the force produced by a jet of water as it strikes a flat plate, curve surface and then compare this to the momentum flow rate in the jet. The report is divided into four main sections. It will first consider different results that were taken in the experiment and then required calculation were made for both surface. It will then go on to describe the difference between the experimental and theoretical results. The third part compares forces in a graph. Finally some conclusion will be provided as to explain the errors and difference between the theoretical and experimental result.
Objectives
This experiment demonstrates the principle of conservation of linear momentum by measuring the force generated on a flat and curved surface due to an impinging water jet and comparing these forces with those that would be expected from an application of the momentum principle to the control volume that surrounds the water jet.
Theoretical consideration
Mechanical work can be produced by using pressure of moving fluid at high velocity. As an example jet of water from nozzle can produce force when it strikes a plane of the surface of plate. If the jet of water impinges on the flat plate which