Molecule Of Heredity Chapter 11

In chapter 11, we learned about DNA and Genes (11.1—DNA: The Molecule of Heredity; 11.2—From DNA to Protein; 11.3—Genetic changes). DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which is in a shape called a double helix, developed its name from the simple sugar in DNA (deoxyribose). The phosphate group is composed of one atom of phosphorus surrounded by four oxygen atoms. A nitrogen base is a carbon ring structure that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen. Next to cover is DNA replication in which enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds with the DNA unzipping. Another enzyme bonds floating nucleotides to the single strands to make two new DNA. Each DNA will have an old strand and a new strand. RNA—which is a nucleic acid, a nucleotide—differs from DNA in three ways: 1. sugar is ribose; 2. there is a single strand of nucleotides, not two; 3. and uracil instead of thymine. There are three types of RNA: 1. mRNA—messenger—takes the message from DNA to the ribosome; 2. rRNA—ribosomal—the ribosomes are made of RNA; 3. tRNA—transfer—brings amino acids to the mRNA, about 80 nucleotides long. There are two different types of processes called transcription, and translation.