MODR 1760
Lecture 1:
Obstacles to critical thinking:
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Egocentrism – Inability to see things at others’ points of view. I want you to support me and tell me that I’m right. I don’t want your rational analysis. Just support me no matter what. Adults are more egocentric
Ethnocentrism – Or sociocentrism. My society, my ethnic background, etc.
Stereotyping – Although there is a cognitive compensity to do this.
Fear / Psychological Defensiveness – fear of questioning the beliefs
Dogmatism – This is faith. I can’t prove it but I accept it.
Bigotry –
Propaganda – usually distorted information
Resistance to change –
Unquestioned Loyalties –
Blind obedience to authority –
Mindless conformity –
Willed Ignorance –
Demagoguery – Take facts and spin them to your advantage not in a way that accurately reflects the truth. Or to spin them reversely to oppose your opponent. To raise emotions, prejudice, and ignorance in poorer and less-educated.
Lecture 3:
In order to have an argument we need two related claims. One claim supports the other. The supporter claim is premise. The supported is the conclusion. The process is inference. A claim is a statement that can be true or false.
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Questions are not claims. Unless they’re rhetorical questions.
An opinion is a claim
Ought Imperative – something you ought to do. Making a claim about what you should or should not do. o You should not smoke!
Practice:
1- Keep off the grass = a command o Commands are things that we ought to do
2- Abraham Lincoln was the first president of the United States. = claim
3- If Sally calls, tell her I’m at the library. = request
4- Can’t you see that pornography demeans women? = a rhetorical question and a claim
5- Toby, never throw a pen at your sister! You could put an eye out! (said byToby’s mother)= ought imperative. (you ought not throw a pen because you could put an eye out!)
6- Never raise your hands to your kids. It leaves your groin unprotected.(George
Obstacles to critical thinking:
-
-
Egocentrism – Inability to see things at others’ points of view. I want you to support me and tell me that I’m right. I don’t want your rational analysis. Just support me no matter what. Adults are more egocentric
Ethnocentrism – Or sociocentrism. My society, my ethnic background, etc.
Stereotyping – Although there is a cognitive compensity to do this.
Fear / Psychological Defensiveness – fear of questioning the beliefs
Dogmatism – This is faith. I can’t prove it but I accept it.
Bigotry –
Propaganda – usually distorted information
Resistance to change –
Unquestioned Loyalties –
Blind obedience to authority –
Mindless conformity –
Willed Ignorance –
Demagoguery – Take facts and spin them to your advantage not in a way that accurately reflects the truth. Or to spin them reversely to oppose your opponent. To raise emotions, prejudice, and ignorance in poorer and less-educated.
Lecture 3:
In order to have an argument we need two related claims. One claim supports the other. The supporter claim is premise. The supported is the conclusion. The process is inference. A claim is a statement that can be true or false.
-
Questions are not claims. Unless they’re rhetorical questions.
An opinion is a claim
Ought Imperative – something you ought to do. Making a claim about what you should or should not do. o You should not smoke!
Practice:
1- Keep off the grass = a command o Commands are things that we ought to do
2- Abraham Lincoln was the first president of the United States. = claim
3- If Sally calls, tell her I’m at the library. = request
4- Can’t you see that pornography demeans women? = a rhetorical question and a claim
5- Toby, never throw a pen at your sister! You could put an eye out! (said byToby’s mother)= ought imperative. (you ought not throw a pen because you could put an eye out!)
6- Never raise your hands to your kids. It leaves your groin unprotected.(George