Modern Philosophy Notes/Study Guide

The New Science * Beginning to see the appearance of the individual of the self. New methods were revealing a completely secular universe to this new man and showing him how he could satisfy his new desires. * Science and scientific method * Empirical and deductive * Emphasis on empirical or deductive methods lead to radically different metaphysical and epistemological (what we can know/how we know that we know) theories and to different conceptions of the implications of scientific method for ethics & religion. * Drastic change in conception of authority between written word of God to that of nature and empirical facts * There are certain observations that can be made by looking at nature but my mind is necessary in order to draw conclusions from those things that I’m observing * physicians studied patients and record symptoms, diagnosis , and treatments for the first time * starting to document what they’re observing and prescribed treatments to see what worked and how long the treatment worked on others * dissections of the body increased * examples of thinkers * Leonardo da Vinci * a rational structure exist and it’s reflective in the natural world in such a way that it can be got at only by somehow combining a painstaking observation with mathematics * God puts the structure there, we can observe it in the natural world

* William Gilbert (1544-1603) * Showed the Earth is a material object among others, to demonstrate the simplicity of natural law * This may be the intro of the model, like in science. * Scrupulous in describing everything he did in such a way that it would be possible for others to check his findings that’s another feature of the new science

* Francis Bacon 1561-1626 * The great instauration- totally reconstruction of the sciences, art, and all human knowledge * Guided by two basic assumptions * Virtually everything that has so far passed for knowledge was