MicroBiology chapter 4 practice exam

Bio 225 Chapter 4 Practice Questions

1. Which of the following is not a distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
a. Their DNA is not associated with histones.
b. They have cell walls containing peptidoglycan.
c. They lack membrane-enclosed organelles.
d. Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane.
e. None of the above.

2. Which of the following is not true about a gram-positive cell wall?
a. It contains teichoic acids.
b. It protects the cell in a hypertonic environment.
c. It is sensitive to lysozyme.
d. It maintains the shape of the cell.
e. None of the above.

3. Which of the following best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a solution containing 5% NaCl?
a. Water will move out of the cell.
b. Sucrose will move into the cell from a higher to a lower concentration.
c. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
d. Water will move into the cell.
e. No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

4. The best definition of osmotic pressure is
a. The movement of solute molecules from a higher to a lower concentration.
b. The force with which a solvent moves across a semi-permeable membrane from a higher to a lower concentration.
c. The movement of a substance across a semi-permeable membrane from a higher to a lower concentration.
d. The movement of solute molecules from a lower to a higher concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.
e. The active transport of a substance out of a cell to maintain equilibrium. 5. By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration?
a. Active transport
b. Simple diffusion
c. Extracellular enzymes
d. Facilitated diffusion
e. Any of the above

6. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the plasma membrane?
a. Contains proteins
b. Maintains cell shape
c. Selectively permeable
d. Composed of a phospholipid bilayer
e. The site of cell wall formation

7. All of the following are lacking a cell wall except
a. Protoplasts.
b. Animal cells.
c. L forms.
d. Fungi.
e. Mycoplasmas.

8. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes.
b. Endospores are easily stained in a Gram stain.
c. Endospores are for reproduction.
d. A cell can produce many endospores.
e. A cell produces one endospore and keeps growing.

9. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a. Lysosome - digestive enzymes
b. Golgi complex - secretion
c. Mitochondria - ATP production
d. Endoplasmic reticulum - internal transport
e. Centrosome - food storage

10. Which of the following organelles most closely resembles a prokaryotic cell?
a. Vacuole
b. Nucleus
c. Golgi complex
d. Mitochondrion
e. Cell wall

11. Which of the following is generally not true of prokaryotic cells?
a. They have a semirigid cell wall.
b. They possess 80S ribosomes.
c. They are motile by means of flagella.
d. They reproduce by binary fission.
e. None of the above.

12. Which of the following is not true about gram-negative cell walls?
a. They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and phospholipids.
b. They are toxic to humans.
c. They are sensitive to penicillin.
d. Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane.
e. They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment.

13. Which of the following is not a structure found in prokaryotic cells?
a. Flagella
b. Peritrichous flagella
c. Axial filament
d. Pili
e. Cilia

Figure 4.1

14. In Figure 4.1, which drawing is a tetrad?
a. Drawing a
b. Drawing b
c. Drawing c
d. Drawing d
e. Drawing e
f. Drawing f

15. In Figure 4.1, which drawing possesses an axial filament?
a. Drawing a
b. Drawing b
c. Drawing c
d. Drawing d
e. Drawing e
f. Drawing f

16. In Figure 4.1, which drawing illustrates streptococci?
a. Drawing a
b. Drawing b
c. Drawing c
d. Drawing d
e. Drawing e
f. Drawing f

17. In Figure 4.1, which drawing illustrates bacilli?
a. Drawing a
b. Drawing b
c. Drawing c
d. Drawing d
e. Drawing e
f. Drawing f

18. Which of the following is not true about the glycocalyx?
a. It may be responsible for virulence.
b. It is used to adhere to surfaces.
c. It may be composed of polypeptide.
d. It may be composed of polysaccharide.
e. None of the above.

19. Which of the following is not a chemical component of a bacterial cell wall?
a. Peptidoglycan
b. N-acetylmuramic acid
c. Peptide chains
d. Cellulose
e. Teichoic acids

20. Which of the following is not part of the active transport process?
a. Cell wall
b. ATP
c. Transporter proteins
d. Plasma membrane
e. None of the above

Figure 4.2

21. Which of the following terms best describes the cell in Figure 4.2?
a. Axial filament
b. Monotrichous flagella
c. Peritrichous flagella
d. Amphitrichous flagella
e. Lophotrichous flagella

22. In bacteria, photosynthetic pigments are found in
a. Mesosomes.
b. Cytoplasm.
c. Chromatophores.
d. Chloroplasts.
e. None of the above.

23. The difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is that facilitated diffusion:
a. Can move materials from a lower to a higher concentration.
b. Doesn't require ATP.
c. Requires ATP.
d. Requires transporter proteins.
e. Can move materials from a higher to a lower concentration.

24. Possible functions of magnetosomes include all of the following except
a. Locate suitable environments.
b. Protect cells from hydrogen peroxide accumulation.
c. Get cells to the North Pole.
d. Synthesize ATP.
e. None of the above.

25. Which of the following cell structures has a role in the initiation of disease?
a. Gram-positive cell wall
b. Fimbriae
c. Lipid A
d. Cell membrane
e. All of the above

26. Fimbriae and pili differ in that pili:
a. Are composed of flagellin.
b. Are used to transfer DNA.
c. Are used for asexual reproduction.
d. Are composed of pilin.
e. Are used for attachment.

27. Where are phospholipids most likely found in a prokaryotic cell?
a. Around organelles
b. Ribosomes
c. Flagella
d. Plasma membrane
e. B and C

28. Where are phospholipids most likely found in a eukaryotic cell?
a. Flagella
b. Around organelles
c. Plasma membrane
d. Ribosomes
e. B and C

Figure 4.3
29. In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is a gram-negative cell wall?
a. Figure a
b. Figure b
c. Both Figure a and Figure b
d. Neither Figure a nor Figure b
e. Can't tell

30. In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is a toxic cell wall?
a. Figure a
b. Figure b
c. Both Figure a and Figure b
d. Neither Figure a nor Figure b
e. Can't tell

31. In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall has a wall that protects against osmotic lysis?
a. Figure a
b. Figure b
c. Both Figure a and Figure b
d. Neither Figure a nor Figure b
e. Can't tell

32. In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is decolorized by acetone-alcohol?
a. Figure a
b. Figure b
c. Both Figure a and Figure b
d. Neither Figure a nor Figure b
e. Can't tell

33. In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is resistant to many antibiotics (e.g., penicillin)?
a. Figure a
b. Figure b
c. Both Figure a and Figure b
d. Neither Figure a nor Figure b
e. Can't tell

34. In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains teichoic acids?
a. Figure a
b. Figure b
c. Both Figure a and Figure b
d. Neither Figure a nor Figure b
e. Can't tell

35. In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains porins?
a. Figure a
b. Figure b
c. Both Figure a and Figure b
d. Neither Figure a nor Figure b
e. Can't tell

36. Found in gram-positive bacteria.
a. Pseudomurein
b. Nucleus
c. Peptidoglycan
d. Sterol-rich cell membranes
e. A and C

37. Found in archaea.
a. Pseudomurein
b. Peptidoglycan
c. Sterol-rich cell membranes
d. Nucleus
e. A and C

38. Found in mycoplasmas.
a. Pseudomurein
b. Nucleus
c. Sterol-rich cell membranes
d. Peptidoglycan
e. A and C

39. You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can safely assume that the cell
a. Has a mitochondrion.
b. Has a nucleus.
c. Lives in an extreme environment.
d. Has a cell wall.
e. Has “9 + 2” flagella.

40. What will happen if a bacterial cell is placed in distilled water with lysozyme?
a. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
b. Water will leave the cell.
c. The cell will plasmolyze.
d. Lysozyme will diffuse into the cell.
e. No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

41. What will happen if a bacterial cell is placed in 10% NaCl with penicillin?
a. Penicillin will diffuse into the cell.
b. The cell will plasmolyze.
c. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
d. Water will enter the cell.
e. No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

42. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
a. Sulfur granules - energy reserve
b. Gas vacuoles - flotation
c. Lipid inclusions - energy reserve
d. Ribosomes - protein storage
e. Metachromatic granules - phosphate storage

43. All of the following are energy reserves except
a. Metachromatic granules.
b. Lipid inclusions.
c. Sulfur granules.
d. Polysaccharide granules.
e. Carboxysomes.

44. Which one of the following is not a functionally analogous pair?
a. Chloroplasts - thylakoids
b. “9 + 2” flagella - bacterial flagella
c. Mitochondria - procaryotic plasma membrane
d. Nucleus - nuclear region
e. Cilia - pili

45. All of the following can be found in mitochondria and prokaryotes except
a. Binary fission.
b. ATP-generating mechanism.
c. Circular chromosome.
d. 70S ribosomes.
e. Cell wall. Bio 225 Chapter 4 Practice Exam Key

1 e 26 b
2 b 27 d
3 a 28 c
4 b 29 b
5 a 30 b
6 e 31 c; more from a but both
7 d 32 c; more easily for b but both will
8 a 33 b
9 e 34 a
10 d 35 b
11 b 36 c
12 c 37 a
13 e 38 c; no cell wall, needs additional support
14 b 39 d
15 f 40 a
16 a 41 b
17 c 42 d
18 e 43 a
19 d 44 e
20 a 45 e
21 c
22 c
23 d
24 c
25 e