Metaphor A Practical Introduction

M E TA P H O R

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METAPHOR
A Practical Introduction
Second Edition

zoltán kövecses
Exercises written with
Réka Benczes
Zsuzsanna Bokor
Szilvia Csábi
Orsolya Lazányi
Eszter Nucz

1
2010

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kövecses, Zoltán.
Metaphor : a practical introduction / Zoltán Kövecses ; exercises written with Szilvia Csábi . . . [et al.].—2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-19-537494-0 (pbk.)
1. Metaphor. I. Csábi, Szilvia. II. Title.
PN228.M4K68 2009
808—dc22
2009004385

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

To george & mark This page intentionally left blank

Preface to the Second Edition

n the past six to ten years the theory of conceptual metaphor has become the most influential and widely used theory of metaphor. Some of the new developments can be found in such diverse areas of research as

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the neural theory of metaphor the theory of conceptual integration metaphor in discourse
the

Bibliography: Adamson, Tim, Greg Johnson, Tim Rohrer, and Howard Lam. 1996. Metaphors we ought not live by: Rush Limbaugh in the age of cognitive science. Aitchison, Jean. 1987. Words in the Mind. Oxford: Blackwell. Alexander, R. J. 1987. Problems in understanding and teaching idiomaticity in English Allbritton, David W. 1995. When metaphors function as schemas: Some cognitive effects of conceptual metaphors Alverson, Hoyt. 1994. Semantics and Experience. Universal Metaphors of Time in English, Mandarin, Hindi, and Sesotho Balaban, Victor. 1999. Self and agency in religious discourse: Perceptual metaphors for knowledge at Marian apparition site Barcelona, Antonio. 1986. On the concept of depression in American English: A cognitive approach ———. 1995. Metaphorical models of romantic love in Romeo and Juliet. ———. 2000a. On the plausibility of claiming a metonymic motivation for conceptual metaphor ———, ed. 2000b. Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads: A Cognitive Perspective ———. 2002a. Clarifying and applying the notions of metaphor and metonymy within cognitive linguistics: An update ———. 2003. Metonymy in cognitive linguistics: An analysis and a few modest proposals ———. 2005. The multilevel operation of metonymy in grammar and discourse, with particular attention to metonymic chains ———. 2008. Reviewing the properties of metonymy as a technical construct, with particular attention to the view of metonymy as a prototype category. Barcelona, Antonio, and Cristina Soriano. 2004. Metaphorical conceptualization in English and Spanish Baugh, A. C., and T. Cable. 1983. A History of the English Language. 3rd ed. Belch, G. E., and M. Belch. 1990. An Introduction to Advertising and Promotion Management Bellah, R. N., R. Madsen, W. M. Sullivan, A. Swidler, and S. M. Tipton. 1985. ———, eds. 1988. Individualism and Commitment in American Life. New York: Harper and Row. Benczes, Réka. 2006. Creative Compounding in English: The Semantics of Metaphorical and Metonymical Noun-Noun Combination ———. 2008. North American slavery: A cognitive linguist’s perspective. In Magyarics Tamás and Lojkó Miklós, eds., Emlékkönyv Frank Tibor 60. Black, Max. 1979. More about metaphor. In Andrew Ortony, ed., Metaphor and Thought, 19–43 Boers, Frank. 1999. When a bodily source domain becomes prominent. In Raymond Gibbs and Gerard Steen, eds., Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics, ———. 2000. Metaphor awareness and vocabulary retention. Applied Linguistics 21: 553–571. Boers, Frank, and Seth Lindstromberg. 2006. Cognitive linguistic applications in second or foreign language instruction: Rationale, proposals and evaluation. ———, eds. 2008. Cognitive Linguistic Approaches to Teaching Vocabulary and Phraseology Bokor, Zsuzsanna. 1997. Body-Based Constructionism in the Conceptualization