Malunggay

1. ENUMERATE & DESCRIBE NONCONVENTIONAL SOURCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY..
1. Wind Energy:
Wind power is harnessed by setting up a windmill which is used for pumping water, grinding grain and generating electricity. The gross wind power potential of India is estimated to be about 20,000 MW, wind power projects of 970 MW capacities were installed till March. 1998. Areas with constantly high speed preferably above 20 km per hour are well-suited for harnessing wind energy.
2. Tidal Energy:
Sea water keeps on rising and falling alternatively twice a day under the influence of gravitational pull of moon and sun. This phenomenon is known as tides. It is estimated that India possesses 8000-9000 MW of tidal energy potential. The Gulf of Kuchchh is best suited for tidal energy.
3. Solar Energy:
Sun is the source of all energy on the earth. It is most abundant, inexhaustible and universal source of energy. AH other sources of energy draw their strength from the sun. India is blessed with plenty of solar energy because most parts of the country receive bright sunshine throughout the year except a brief monsoon period. India has developed technology to use solar energy for cooking, water heating, water dissimilation, space heating, crop drying etc.
4. Geo-Thermal Energy:
Geo-thermal energy is the heat of the earth's interior. This energy is manifested in the hot springs. India is not very rich in this source,
5. Energy from Biomass:
Biomass refers to all plant material and animal excreta when considered as an energy source. Some important kinds of biomass are inferior wood, urban waste, bagasse, farm animal and human waste.

2. ADVANTAGES ANG DISADVANTAGES OF USING NONCONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY.
Advantages of conventional (non-renewable) energy
The advantage of conventional energy is it's easy and cheap to use. There is no better way to store transfer and use energy than gasoline for powering motor vehicles. It's quick to pump fossil fuel into a car. It's stable in the tank and the gas tank holds quite a bit, and a gasoline powered car is cheap to manufacture. * Coal is a ready-made fuel. * It is relatively cheap to mine and to convert into energy. * Coal supplies will last longer than oil or gas * Oil is a ready-made fuel. * Relatively cheap to mine and to convert into energy * It is a relatively cheap form of energy. * It's a slightly cleaner fuel than coal and oil. * Gas is a ready-made fuel. * Nuclear has a small amount of radioactive material produces a lot of energy. And raw materials are relatively cheap and can last quite a long time. * It doesn't give off atmospheric pollutants. * Biomass is a cheap and readily available source of energy. and If the crops are replaced, biomass can be a long-term, sustainable energy source. * Wood is a cheap and readily available source of energy.

If the trees are replaced, wood burning can be a long-term, sustainable energy source. Disadvantages of conventional (non-renewable) energy
Non-renewable energy comes from fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas, uranium):

* they are non-renewable and fast depleting; * they emit carbon dioxide when burnt, adding to the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and pushing us faster towards global warming; * they leave behind harmful by-products upon combustion, thereby causing a lot of pollution; * mining of such fuels leads to irreversible damage to the adjoining environment; * Fossil fuels pollute the environment * They will eventually run out. * Prices for fossil fuels are rising, especially if the real cost of their carbon is included.

3. WHY IS NONCONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES HAVE NOT BEEN FULLY DEVT.IN YHE PHILS.?
Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All
The 2011 Human Development Report argues that the urgent global challenges of sustainability and equity must be addressed together – and identifies policies on the national and global level that could spur mutually reinforcing progress towards these interlinked goals. Bold action is needed on both fronts, the Report contends, if the recent human development progress for most of the world’s poor majority is to be sustained, for the benefit of future generations as well as for those living today. Past Reports have shown that living standards in most countries have been rising - and converging - for several decades now. Yet the 2011 Report projects a disturbing reversal of those trends if environmental deterioration and social inequalities continue to intensify, with the least developed countries diverging downwards from global patterns of progress by 2050.
The Report shows further how the world’s most disadvantaged people suffer the most from environmental degradation, including in their immediate personal environment, and disproportionately lack political power, making it all the harder for the world community to reach agreement on needed global policy changes. The Report also outlines great potential for positive synergies in the quest for greater equality and sustainability, especially at the national level. The Report further emphasizes the human right to a healthy environment, the importance of integrating social equity into environmental policies, and the critical importance of public participation and official accountability. The 2011 Report concludes with a call for bold new approaches to global development financing and environmental controls, arguing that these measures are both essential and feasible.
The United States currently relies heavily on coal, oil, and natural gas for its energy. Fossil fuels are non-renewable, that is, they draw on finite resources that will eventually dwindle, becoming too expensive or too environmentally damaging to retrieve. In contrast, the many types of renewable energy resources-such as wind and solar energy-are constantly replenished and will never run out.
Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight, or solar energy, can be used directly for heating and lighting homes and other buildings, for generating electricity, and for hot water heating, solar cooling, and a variety of commercial and industrial uses.

Solar shingles are installed on a rooftop. Credit: Stellar Sun Shop
4. DIFF. RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY IN OUR COUNTRY..
The sun's heat also drives the winds, whose energy, is captured with wind turbines. Then, the winds and the sun's heat cause water to evaporate. When this water vapor turns into rain or snow and flows downhill into rivers or streams, its energy can be captured using hydroelectric power.
Along with the rain and snow, sunlight causes plants to grow. The organic matter that makes up those plants is known as biomass. Biomass can be used to produce electricity, transportation fuels, or chemicals. The use of biomass for any of these purposes is called bioenergy.
Hydrogen also can be found in many organic compounds, as well as water. It's the most abundant element on the Earth. But it doesn't occur naturally as a gas. It's always combined with other elements, such as with oxygen to make water. Once separated from another element, hydrogen can be burned as a fuel or converted into electricity.
Not all renewable energy resources come from the sun. Geothermal energy taps the Earth's internal heat for a variety of uses, including electric power production, and the heating and cooling of buildings. And the energy of the ocean's tides come from the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun upon the Earth.
In fact, ocean energy comes from a number of sources. In addition to tidal energy, there's the energy of the ocean's waves, which are driven by both the tides and the winds. The sun also warms the surface of the ocean more than the ocean depths, creating a temperature difference that can be used as an energy source. All these forms of ocean energy can be used to produce electricity.

5. WHY IS NATURAL GAS CONSIDERED AS NOT A CLEAN SOURCE OF ENERGY.?
When people talk about energy and natural gas, opinions differ. Is it harmful to the environment, or the last great clean energy source? Perhaps we shouldn't ask whether natural gas is a good source of energy, but instead examine what makes a good energy source in the first place.
So what is natural gas, anyway? Natural gas, like oil and coal, is a fossil fuel, formed deep below the surface of the earth. Scientists believe that natural gas, much like oil, formed millions of years ago when the remains of ancient plants and animals broke down under pressure and heat. The decaying matter formed gas, which got trapped in porous rocks in areas that were later covered with harder rocks.
Natural gas is primarily made of methane, the lightest hydrocarbon (a compound of hydrogen and carbon). Natural gas has no color or odor. When it’s burned, it gives off a lot of energy that can be used for cooking, heating, generating electricity and other necessities. However, because it’s a fossil fuel, natural gas isn't a renewable resource. It's a good source of energy today; after all, there's plenty of it in the United States. If that wasn't enough, it can be produced and transported affordably.
Natural gas is often praised as a clean energy alternative. It burns more cleanly than other fossil fuels, emitting lower levels of harmful emissions such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxides. It produces less greenhouse gases than other fossil fuels do. It doesn't produce ash or particulates that cause health problems. It’s not as clean as renewable energy sources such as wind or solar, but because it’s abundant, relatively inexpensive and easy to use, many consider it a stop-gap measure as society makes the transition to other energy sources.
Some critics say, however, that natural gas isn’t as clean as it seems. Some scientists say that even though natural gas burns more cleanly than other fossil fuels, a significant amount of methane escapes into the atmosphere from natural gas wells and pipelines. Methane is one of the major greenhouse gases that trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere. Newer methods of mining natural gas from harder rocks and deeper deposits are controversial, especially hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. In fracking, high pressure is used to force fluids underground to break shale rocks and get deep deposits of natural gas. Critics say the process emits methane and pollutes water supplies.
There is some middle ground between these two trains of thought, however. Pipelines carry natural gas around the United States and many other parts of the world. This can be an environmental boondoggle, butliquefied natural gas (LNG) provides a way to store and ship natural gas economically -- and without pipelines. Natural gas is liquefied by cooling it and removing most of the compounds in it other than methane. It becomes a liquid that weighs about half as much as water and takes up much less space than the equivalent natural gas. When gas is needed, the LNG is warmed until it’s gaseous again.
Opinions tend to run the gamut on natural gas and the cleanest ways to use it, but most can agree that it's eco-friendly -- but flawed -- energy source.