Preview

Macromolecules

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1684 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Macromolecules
Test of Biological Molecules

Tamari Manyengavana
5XVGXTJ96

Laboratory Report
SCPB111
Principles of Biology

Faculty of Applied Sciences
Pearson Institute of Higher Education

14 March 2018

Abstract
Biological molecules are part of Introduction
Biological molecules are formerly known as macromolecules. Macromolecules are large molecules that are formed from smaller molecules called monomers (Ellisman, 2014). They are formed by dehydration reactions, in which a water molecule is removed during the formation of bonds (Wayne Huang, 2015). Biological molecules are organic, indicating that they contain carbon and hydrogen atoms (Gair, 2013). The four classes of biological molecules are carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and
…show more content…
During digestion, the stomach breaks down proteins into amino acids, which are then reproduced to help with maintain blood, bone, organ and organ system (Roberts, 2017). The aim of the experiment is to determine the presence of protein, lipids and carbohydrates in the food samples that will be tested. Methodology
Testing of sugar
10 test tubes were used and labelled. 9 of the test tubes were filled with 5ml of food sample.10 drops of Benedict’s solution were added to each of the test tubes, using a dropper. The test tubes were placed in a hot water bath with a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius for five minutes. Colour change within the test tubes were observed and recorded.
Starch test
10 test tubes were used and labelled. 9 of the test tubes were filled with 5ml of food sample.3 drops of Lugol’s iodine solution were added to each of the test tubes. The test tubes were mixed thoroughly. Test tube 1 was placed under a flame for observation. Colour change within the test tubes were recorded.
Protein test
10 test tubes were used and lab-elled. 9 of the test tubes were filled with 5ml of food sample. 3 drops of Biuret reagent were added to each of the test tubes. The test tubes were gently shaken to mix the solution. Observation of colour change was
…show more content…
Iodine is insoluble in water, for it to become soluble in water, potassium iodide is added, forming triiodide (MEL Science, 2015). When reacted with starch attach to structures within a starch molecule, leading to a blue-black colour (Ophardt, 2003). Starch is a carbohydrate, which contains two types of polysaccharides that are connected in two different ways, linear amylose and branched amylopectin (Goedecke, 2016). When iodine reacts with amylose, the iodine ‘gets stuck’ in the starch coils, forcing the ion/iodine to become linear as well as changing the electron arrangement. The new electron arrangement alters the molecule’s light absorbance, resulting in colour change. Whereas with amylopectin, when it reacts with iodine, it forms a pale purple colour, as the structure has a small area for binding, resulting in less iodine being absorbed (Becker,

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Biology 130l Exam Review

    • 2549 Words
    • 11 Pages

    4) What is the original colour of iodine, and what colour does it turn in presence of starch and glycogen?…

    • 2549 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Lipids release large amounts of energy when broken down. 12.. You look at the label on a container of shortening and see “hydrogenated vegetable oil.” This means that during processing the number of carbon–carbon double bonds in the oil was decreased. What is the result of decreasing the number of double bonds? a. The oil now has a lower melting point. b. The oil is now a solid at room temperature. c. There are more “kinks” in the fatty acid chains. d. The oil is now a derivative carbohydrate. e. The fatty acid is now a triglyceride. 13. The portion of a phospholipid that contains the phosphorous group has one or more electric charges. That makes this region of the molecule a. hydrophobic. b. hydrophilic. c. nonpolar. d. unsaturated. e. saturated. 14. Molecule X is soluble in ether, an organic solvent, but it is not very soluble in water. Based on this information, what class of biological macromolecules does molecule X belong to? a. Nucleic acids b. Carbohydrates c. Proteins d. Enzymes e. Lipids 15. In a biological membrane, the phospholipids are arranged with the fatty acid chains facing the interior of the membrane. As a result, the interior of the membrane is: a. hydrophobic. b. hydrophilic. c. charged. d. polar. e. filled with water. 16. The monomers that make up polymeric carbohydrates like starch are called: a. nucleotides. b. trisaccharides. c. monosaccharides. d. nucleosides. e. fatty…

    • 1088 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Starch Lab

    • 399 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Introduction: In this lab we learned the concept and procedure of synthesizing starch. We also learned the effects of pH and temperature on the reaction rates of amylase.. In the process of the synthesis lab we learned phosphorylation using a potato, which was what we synthesized. The phosphorylation took place after the addition of primer. There are two different types of starches used are amylose and amylopectin. To test for the presence of starch, the Starch Test is used. This is a simple test in which iodine is added to a given solution. If a polysaccharide such as starch is present then the iodine ion will lodge itself in the polysaccharide chain and give it a black-blue color. If iodine added to a solution turns black-blue than starch is present. If the solution remains the color of iodine, reddish-orange, there is no starch present, a negative test. In our experiment we scale the color we see in comparison to the neutrals to test for the amount of starch.…

    • 399 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    The objective of this experiment is to identify if the 12 provided solutions contain starch, glycogen, reducing sugars or proteins. The four major biological macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Abundant elements in the world such as carbon and nitrogen bond in different ways to form many different molecules. The functional groups are what determine their characteristics. During the experiment, there will be 3 test. The iodine test is completed to test for starch and glycogen. When iodine is mixed with a solution that contains starch, the amylose will react, turning the solution blue/black. If iodine is mixed with a solution containing glycogen, it will…

    • 1411 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    7. A rusty brown color in response to Benedict’s Solution indicates a large amount of simple sugars.…

    • 1853 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    4 Biological Molecules

    • 846 Words
    • 4 Pages

    1. Will making models help to better understand the form and function of these 4 types of biological molecules and their subgroups?…

    • 846 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    macromolecules of life

    • 2167 Words
    • 6 Pages

    MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE DEFINITIONS INORGANIC CHEMISTRY A branch of chemistry which studies the structures, synthesis and reactions of compounds other than HYPERLINK http//searchbox.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/hydrocarbons t _blank hydrocarbons and their derivatives ORGANIC CHEMISTRY A branch of chemistry that deals specifically with the structures, synthesis and reactions of carbon-containing compounds. CHEMICAL BONDS When two or more atoms are bonded together to form new and more complex aggregates the force of attraction that holds them together is called a chemical bond.…

    • 2167 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Macromolecule

    • 500 Words
    • 2 Pages

    A macromolecule is a very large molecule commonly created by polymerization of smaller subunits. In biochemistry, the term is applied to the three conventional biopolymers (nucleic acids, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates), as well as non-polymeric molecules with large molecular mass such as lipids and macrocycles. The individual constituent molecules of macromolecules are called monomers(mono=single, meros=part).…

    • 500 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    1) Complete the table for your group 's samples. Be sure to clearly indicate in the blue line whether or not your sample was positive (+) or negative (-) for the given test. Then below that in the white area, type your observations, mainly focusing on the color, but also the layering as appropriate. Be sure your interpretations match your observations! The chart area will expand as you type.…

    • 1118 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    BIOLOGY

    • 2302 Words
    • 10 Pages

    Proteins - add biurettes reagent to the sample. If protein is present, clear colour change from blue to purple.…

    • 2302 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Macromolecules Essay

    • 1295 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The Different Roles of Macromolecules in Biology.There are four types of macromolecules that I am going to describe: Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acid. I will also describe the functions and why they are important in our bodies. Proteins Proteins are polymers of amino acids that are joined head-to-tail in a long chain that is then folded into a three-dimensional structure unique to each type of protein. The covalent linkage between two adjacent amino acids in a protein (or polypeptide) chain is called a peptide bond. There are twenty amino acids that make up proteins. Each amino acid has a typical generic structure as depicted in the diagram 1, the only variance in each amino acid lies in a unique side chain (R group). Most of the amino acids have a carboxyl group and an amino group as shown above. At physiological pH the natural amino acids exist as zwitterions, with a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group. The side chains vary greatly in their complexity and properties. Amino acids are classified by the chemical nature of their side chains. Five of the 20 amino acids have side chains that can form ions in solution and thereby can carry a charge. The others are uncharged: some are polar and hydrophilic and some are non-polar and hydrophobic. Proteins are not linear molecules as suggested when we write out a "string" of amino acid sequence, etc., for example. Rather, this "string" folds into an intricate three-dimensional structure that is unique to each protein. It is this three-dimensional structure that allows proteins to function. Thus in order to understand the details of protein function, one must understand protein structure. Protein structure is broken down into four levels. Primary structure refers to the "linear" sequence of amino acids. Proteins are large polypeptides of defined amino acid sequence (diagram 2). The sequence of amino acids in each protein is determined by the gene that encodes it. The gene…

    • 1295 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Title : Investigation of Action of Saliva and 3 M Hydrochloric Acid in Two Carbohydrate Solutions…

    • 288 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Bio practical

    • 706 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Benedicts test: Blue colour remained the same. Abundant amount of blue solutions remained the same and it was opaque.…

    • 706 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    biology lab report

    • 392 Words
    • 2 Pages

     A drop of iodine solution was added to the sample and any colour change was observed.…

    • 392 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    The positive test result is that the solution turns to purple. The negative test result is that the solution remains dark blue. The goal of the lab is to test if there are proteins presented in water, glucose, starch, egg albumin, bread, milk, and peanuts (Biomolecule Lab).…

    • 523 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays