Preview

Literature Review on Sports Advertisement

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
5168 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Literature Review on Sports Advertisement
Strategic Marketing Concepts 2012 Literature Review
Lecturer: Fiona Browne

Topic & Industry: Factors influencing effective advertising in the sports industry Name: James Logue Student Number: P09011581
Signed:
Date: of November 2012

Executive Summary:

Football isn 't a matter of life and death. It 's more important than that (Bill Shankly, former manager, Liverpool FC). Pick up a newspaper, any newspaper and count the pages given over to reporting, advertising and discussing sport. Many people will bet you there 's more coverage of sport in your paper than any other subject such as politics, the arts, business and travel all get less attention. Sport is the stock-in-trade of conversations between friends and a source of passion and enmity. Yet sport is frivolous, mere entertainment. Compared to war, poverty, famine and disease sport is an irrelevance. So why did Bill Shankly say it was more important than life or death? Is there something about sports teams and individual sports which represent something fundamental about our culture? The answer is yes! For the marketer/ advertiser sport is not merely a business or an industry. Sure, sport is both these things but it is more still. The attention given to sport, its place in our lives and its contribution to language and culture makes it a major influence on attitudes, behavior and community. The marketer who ignores sport as an influence on the consumer, especially the male consumer makes a major mistake. In this review a number of key aspects of advertising in the sports industry are clearly outlined and gone through in great detail. Conducting such a review highlighted many crucial aspects when considering the factors that contribute to effective advertising. Examples of factors include celebrity endorsements, sponsorship advertising, online advertising while also relating to other important issues close to advertising such as consumer behavior, consumer



References: Stafford, M., Spears, N. and Hsu, C. (2003), “Celebrity images in magazine advertisements: an Application of the visual rhetoric model”, Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, Vol January, pp. B1-B2. Lofton, T. (1994), “Revlon knocks on wood for dead celebrity fragrance”, Brand week   Miller, C. (1993), “Some celebrities just now reaching their potential – and they’re dead”, Marketing News, No Constanzo, P. and Goodnight, J. (2005), “Celebrity endorsements: matching celebrity and endorsed brand in magazine advertisements”, Journal of Promotion and Management, Shimp, T. (2003), Advertising and Promotion: Supplemental Aspects of Integrated Marketing Communications, 6th ed., Dryden Press, New York, NY, Bowman, J Sport Marketing Quarterly, Keller, K.L. (1993), “Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity”, Journal of Marketing, Vol Alsmadi, S. (2006), “The power of celebrity endorsement in brand choice: an empirical study of consumer attitudes in Jordan”, Journal of Accounting-Business and Management, Vol. 13   Shuart, J. (2007), “Heroes in sport: assessing celebrity endorser effectiveness”, International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, Vol Temperly, J. and Tangen, D. (2006), “The Pinocchio factor in consumer attitudes toward celebrity endorsement: celebrity endorsement, the Reebok brand, and an examination of a recent campaign”,      McCracken, G. (1989), “Who is the celebrity endorser? Cultural foundations of the endorsement process”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol   Britt, S.H., 1974, "Standardizing Marketing for the International Market". Cornwell, T.B., Roy, D.P. and Steinard, E.A. II (2001b), “Exploring managers’ perceptions of the impact of sponsorship on brand equity”, Journal   Schlosser(1999) ‘Survey of internet users’ attitudes towards internet advertising’ (Mowen and Hinor, 1998) ‘Electronic commerce, the world wide web, Minitel and EDI, The information society, Vol 10, No.1 pp Darley, W.K and Smith R.E(1995) ‘Gender differences in information-processing strategies: an empirical test of the selectivity model in advertising response’ Journal of Advertising    Frontiers of electronic Commerce (Kalakota & Winston) (Stafford et al., 2003, p. 13). Nielsen, A.C., 1963, "Do 's and Don 'ts of Selling Abroad"

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Powerful Essays

    Cronley, M. L., Kardes, F. R., Goddard, P. & Houghton, D. C. 1999. Endorsing products for money: The role of the correspondence bias in celebrity advertising, Advances in Consumer Research, 26: 627– 631…

    • 7714 Words
    • 31 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Imagine Michael Jordan walking down a busy street wearing a new pair of Nike shoes, holding a Pepsi in his left hand. He is grasping an Iphone 7 in his right hand, jamming out to some tunes with Sony headphones enveloping his ears. Citizens along the road acknowledge his existence, noticing how “cool” he seems with his “cool” items, heeding the name brands that Michael Jordan seemingly supports. Celebrities are popular, therefore what they advertise is simply and utterly awesome, right? Perhaps...However, this is a type of propaganda that companies use to promote their products. Too easily, consumers follow the examples of popular celebrities as they feel more comfortable purchasing something that someone well known is promoting. Donna Woolfolk…

    • 1001 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    ¡§The Effects of Corporate Images Built Through Celebrity Advertising on Consumers ' Attitudes¡¨, K.Y. Ho, W. Kwan,…

    • 483 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Best Essays

    Athlete Endorsements

    • 4178 Words
    • 17 Pages

    Baker, A. (2008, July 11). Tiger woods is set to make financial history, thanks to his sporting prowess and attraction to sport. The Daily Telegraph, 11.…

    • 4178 Words
    • 17 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Sociology

    • 1904 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Sports are cultural practices that differ from place to place and time to time. How they are defined, organized, and integrated into social life varies from group to group. To understand sports we must view them as social phenomena (Coakley & Donnelly, 2004). Viewing sports as a social phenomena means that one must realize that are many topics to be questioned and viewed upon with an open mind.…

    • 1904 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Sue Jouzi argues that celebrity endorsements should be boycotted and have set rules and guidelines however the consumer might disagree because the consumer has the responsibility of buying the product and the U.S. is a free market. The author creates an informative tone for the consumer.…

    • 903 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    This is because it has been found that, when selecting a celebrity endorser, it is of great concern to look at how many other brands the selected celebrity is already endorsing. The reason for this is because it has come to be understood that if a particular celebrity is endorsing many different brands then they could easily be overexposed. Therefore, it is arguable that such a state of affairs may then serve to harm their perceived credibility and 'likeability ' to the detriment of the product or service that is being promoted (see, for example, Tripp, et al., 1994, and Keller,…

    • 10541 Words
    • 43 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Role of Sport Sponsorship

    • 4039 Words
    • 17 Pages

    The inability of public funding to keep pace with the skyrocketing cost of sport, as well as an unwillingness of taxpayers to increase public funds for sport, has challenged sport promotion specialists to seek alternative means of generating revenue for sports ranging from those based in schools to those associated with the Olympic movement.…

    • 4039 Words
    • 17 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Celebrity endorsements are one of the most famous methods of marketing used today. Celebrity endorsers are being used in about 25% of all the advertisements that we can see on the television. Marketers are investing large sums of money to have a contract with the celebrities as they believe that celebrities can affect the chances of success of a product. (Erica Weintraub Austina*, 2008) Kiakati believe that use of celebrities can have many benefits and advantages such as - (Anita Elberse, July 2011)…

    • 1785 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    References: Amos C., Holmes G., Strutton D., 2008. Exploring the relationship between celebrity endorser effects and advertising effectiveness. International Journal of Advertising 27 (2), 209-234. Batra R., Homer P.M., 2004. The Situational Impact of Brand Image Beliefs. Journal of Consumer Psychology 14 (3), 318-330. Bergkvist L, Rossiter J.R., 2008. The Role of Ad Likability in Predicting an Ad’s Campaign Performance. Journal of Advertising 37 (2), 85-97. Bower A. B., Landreth S., 2001. Is beauty best? Highly versus normally attractive models in advertising. Journal of Advertising 30 (1), 1-12. Brown S.P., Stayman D.M., 1992. Antecedents and Consequences of Attitude toward the Ad: A Meta-analysis. Journal of Consumer Research 19 (1), 34-51. Chao P., Wührer G., Werani T., 2005. Celebrity and foreign brand name as moderators of country-of-origin effects. International Journal of Advertising 24 (2), 173-192. D’Astous A., Bitz P., 1995. Consumer evaluations of sponsorship programmes. European Journal of Marketing 29 (12), 6-22. Erdogan B. Z., 1999. Celebrity Endorsement: A Literature Review. Journal of Marketing Management 15, 291-315. Erdogan B.Z. , Baker M.J., 2000. Towards a practitioner-based model of selecting celebrity endorsers. International Journal of Advertising 19 (1), 25-42. Erdogan B.Z., Baker M.J. et Tagg, S. (2001), Selecting Celebrities Endorsers: The Practionner’s Perspective, Journal of Advertising Research, May-June, 39-48. Fleck N., Quester P., 2007. Birds of a feather flock together...definition, role and measure of congruence: An application to sponsorship. Psychology & Marketing 24 (11), 975-1000. Friedman H. H., Friedman L., 1979. Endorser effectiveness by product type. Journal of Advertising Research 19, 63-71.…

    • 3494 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Sports have exploded across the globe in every aspect to the game. The author says that commercial sports have become global in scope for two reasons. First, those who control, sponsor, and promote them seek new ways to expand markets and maximize profits. Second, transnational corporations with production and distribution operations in multiple countries can use sports as vehicles for introducing their products and services around the world. Many professional organizations now have games played in other countries and their merchandise is sold all over the globe. Kids that have never even seen a professional American sport on television can own a Chicago Bulls shirt, I believe that this shows how powerful sports can be. Commercialization has also given many different people the chance to fulfill their dreams, without the sponsors covering many costs some people will not be able to participate in the big events to be noticed. Players’ salaries have been one of the biggest positive impacts, for players at least, since commercialization has become big.…

    • 506 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Best Essays

    The aim of this essay is to understand consumer behaviour of Red Bull’s customers, and explain marketing communications for Red Bull in terms of the roles in the buying decision process, target market, potential choice criteria, social influences on consumer behaviour, and sports marketing.…

    • 2897 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Demand

    • 321 Words
    • 1 Page

    The sports market is large, similar and large product range is available, the potential buyer has good information on products. The potential buyers will determine the market size. The market prices are similar. There exists a situation of perfect competition. The prevalent competition in the market builds customer preferences. Competitors pose threat to similar products by either cut in their product prices or by little variation in the product. The Customer’s preference depends on the advertising, their family and peer group opinion. Today most of the consumers rate their preferences on real life experiences. They go for the product reviews. This is a basic reason for the sports celebrity posing for sports product advertisement. The Consumer associates himself closely to the celebrity and makes his choice.…

    • 321 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Advertisement and Airtel

    • 3694 Words
    • 15 Pages

    Brands all over the world use celebrities to advertise their products. As early as 1890, actress Sarah Bernhardt appeared on posters for La Diaphane, a famous brand of rice powder at the time (Lehu, 1993). The use of celebrities in advertising is not, therefore, a new phenomenon, but it has become increasingly widespread. Brands like Pepsi have featured stars such as Michael Jackson, Madonna, or even the Spice Girls, with varying impact (Erdogan,1999). Pizza Hut launched its restaurants on the international market with icons that are almost universally recognized, such as Cindy Crawford, Linda Evangelista, and Pamela Anderson. Some stars have several contracts with different brands: it is estimated that Michael Jordan, who appears in advertisements for Nike, Coke, Wheaties, Mc Donald's, Hanes, Oakley, and Gatorade, has an impact worth about 14 billion dollars on the American economy (Erdogan & al., 2001). Similarly, in a single week, French footballer Zinedine Zidane appeared on posters for Dior perfume and Leader Price hard-discount supermarkets, as well as TV ads for Dannon yoghurt. Stars have become a vital component of advertising for certain categories of products, like perfume and cosmetics.…

    • 3694 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Commercialization is an engine driving the sport industry. Over the years, the concept of sports has been gradually transformed from “playing for the love of the game” to “playing for the maximum profitability.” Nearly every decision related to professional sports has been influenced by economic factors. It is fair to say that commercialism in sports became so prevalent that younger generations are able to look past frequent commercial breaks, promotional materials throughout the stadiums, and athletes endorsing products with every possible opportunity. Consequently, the future of sports will be likely dominated by media, powerful sponsors, and individual owners of professional teams. They have a financially secured life which was not the case a few decades ago. Commercialization in sports brings a welcome change in the lives of sportspersons but sports sociologist also contend that it brings negative aspect in sports such as sledging, unfair play, throwing a match away etc. All these are done to succeed by all means because of financial aspect associated with winning or losing a match being in the form of financial contract, endorsement and advertisements.…

    • 581 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays

Related Topics