How do antiviral drugs act? a. | interfering with cell wall development | b. | decreasing cell membrane permeability |…
HAV: This virus spreads by fecal oral. The vaccine is given to protect against inflammation of the liver caused by the virus and if not treated it can cause jaundice, abdominal pain and fatigue. If not taken care of, the patient can develop acute renal failure or may require a liver…
Triglycerides are broken down to free fatty acids and monoglyceride by lipase. Bile salts bind to lipids which help transport them in the small intestine. In the small intestine colipase help expose lipids to lipase for further breakdown to micelles. These small lipids can now enter the apical membrane of the small intestine and form chylomicron which then are released into the lymphatic system or small lipids can enter the circulatory system.…
The plasma membranes are made up of proteins that form pores and channels, cholesterol to provide membrane stability and carbohydrate molecules for cell recognition. The most abundant component found in the plasma membrane is the phospholipid, which is bilayer. The plasma membrane is amphipathic that include both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. The head is polar and the tail is non-polar. The plasma membrane is what they call a mosaic of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. Active transport is within the cell membrane which requires the use of energy and moves molecules from low to high concentrations using protein carriers. The transport are made up of pinocytosis, phagocytes, receptor mediated endocytosis, exocytosis and transcytosis. Pinocytosis is when cells take in tiny droplets of liquid from their surroundings. Phagocytes are white blood cells that take in solid particles such as bacteria and cellular debris, this helps fight off injections or diseases causing microorganisms. The receptor-mediated endocytosis will only let certain particles into the cell, only allowing cells with the appropriate receptors to remove and process its surrounding even in very low concentrations. Exocytosis is a substance that’s placed into a vesicle and comes together with the cell membrane which releases the contents outside of the cell. The cells secrete proteins this way. Last is the transcytosis which combines both the endocytosis and exocytosis to transport substances from one end of the cell to the other, which is also…
Viruses are disease producing agents far smaller than bacteria. They are enclosed in a protein coating which makes them more difficult to destroy.…
9. A pathogen of both humans and cattle that causes undulant fever is a member of the genus ________…
1. Detecting ‘self’ and ‘non self’ molecules: the role of antigens and the membrane receptors.…
Which theory helps us understand why various species differ from one another, tells us to what diseases we are predisposed, and enables us to produce drugs for a variety of diseases?…
Infection is a word which is used to describe when organism’s bodily tissues are damaged or infected…
Infection control is about controlling the spread of communicable diseases between people. Some of the individuals we support will be particularly vulnerable to infection and this means you need to be extra vigilant!…
6. Why would the level of leukocytes be higher in an individual has been infected with a…
bob in the fluid bilayer of phospholipids. The proteins also vary in structure and function.…
These liposomes are administered into the body via a certain route and when they reach their target they open up and release the gene to be inserted at a specific site in the…
1.3 Infection is defined as an invasion of the body by pathogenic micro-organisms which then multiply and produce contamination or disease.…
Yes, it is definitely alarming when one looks at the rate of injury and death in health care that is preventable. Obviously, some strides have been made but it feels like one is dealing with a drop in the bucket. When you look at the strides that have been made in infection control and the fact that national monitoring organization that monitors compliance is always needed to have any long term effects. Obstacles have plagued any kind of meaningful control and this stem from multiple governing organizations with different agendas and specialties within out a defined focus.…