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Lab Report
EXPERIMENT NO. 1
INTRODUCTION TO LAB INSTRUMENTS.

1. BREADBOARD

We should be familiar to the following things about a breadboard:

* What is a breadboard and what is it used for? * How does it work? * Setting Up. * Limitations.

What is a breadboard and what is it used for? A breadboard (or protoboard) is usually a construction base for prototyping of electronics. The term "breadboard" is commonly used to refer to a solderless breadboard (plugboard). It was designed by Ronald J Portugal of EI Instruments Inc. in 1971.
Because the solderless breadboard for electronics does not require soldering, it is reusable. This makes it easy to use for creating temporary prototypes and experimenting with circuit design.
A variety of electronic systems may be prototyped by using breadboards, from small analog and digital circuits to complete central processing units (CPUs).

Construction of a breadboard.

The purpose of the breadboard is to make quick electrical connections between components- like resistors, LEDs, capacitors, etc. - so that you can test your circuit before permanently soldering it together.
A modern solderless breadboard consists of a perforated block of plastic with numerous tin plated phosphor bronze or nickel silver alloy spring clips under the perforations. The clips are often called tie points or contact points.

Bus and terminal strips: The layout of a typical solderless breadboard is made up from two types of areas, called strips. Strips consist of interconnected electrical terminals.
Terminal strips .
The main areas, to hold most of the electronic components.
In the middle of a terminal strip of a breadboard, one typically finds a notch running in parallel to the long side. The clips on the right and left of the notch are each connected in a radial way; typically five clips (i.e., beneath five holes) in a row on each side of the notch are electrically connected. The five clip columns on the left of the notch

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