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La Popularización de La Fotografía: Invención de La Placa Seca

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La Popularización de La Fotografía: Invención de La Placa Seca
La popularización de la fotografía: invención de la placa seca

Consigna:
Análisis de la trascendencia de la invención de la placa seca, tomando como eje la importancia del documentalismo como denuncia, información o conocimiento.

Placa Seca

La placa seca, también conocida como gelatino-bromuro, es el primer medio fotográfico exitoso económico y duradero. Fue inventada por el Dr. Richard Leach Maddox en 1871, y en 1879 estaba tan bien introducida que la primera fábrica de placa seca se había establecido para entonces.

[pic]
Jacob Riis. El callejón de los bandidos (1888)

Consideraciones Históricas

La placa húmeda fue, sin duda, un proceso fotográfico exitoso, pero tenía sus desventajas. En primer lugar estaba el hecho de que la placa húmeda tenía que ser utilizada dentro de los veinte minutos de preparación y en segundo lugar su lenta velocidad fotográfica. La preparación de placas húmedas requería numerosos productos químicos y líquidos, todos mezclados en la oscuridad en una tienda de campaña móvil si el fotógrafo estaba pensando en fotografiar fuera del estudio.

Desde el inicio del proceso de placa húmeda hubo intentos de hacer las placas duraderas; se destacan los intentos de Robert Bingham en 1850 y Richard H. Norris en 1856. Ambos procesos carecían de éxito económico, aunque Norris fue ligeramente más exitoso, incluso estableciendo una fábrica.

El siguiente intento notable para hacer las placas duraderas fue por Joseph Sidebotham que utilizó una mezcla de albúmina de colodión en 1861

[pic]
Jacques Lartigue

El Desarrollo

Las emulsiones de gelatina en la forma que fueron propuestas por Maddox eran muy sensibles al tacto y a la fricción mecánica y no mucho más sensibles que las emulsiones de colodión a la luz.

Charles Bennett descubrió un método de endurecimiento de la emulsión, haciéndolo más resistente a la fricción en 1873. En 1878, Bennett descubrió que a través de un calentamiento prolongado, la sensibilidad de la

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