Krukenberg Tumors Case Study
Choice “D” is the best answer. A Krukenberg tumor is a tumor of the ovary that is caused by the spread of metastatic cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, usually from the stomach. These tumors represent approximately 5%–10% of all tumors that affect the ovary. Presenting features include abdominal or pelvic pain, abdominal bloating, pain during intercourse, and irregular bleeding.
Gastric adenocarcinoma arises from a multitude of factors. Salt and salted foods may damage the gastric mucosa, leading to inflammation and an associated increase in DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Other factors increasing the risk of gastric cancer include chronic Helicobacter pylori infection, previous gastric surgery, pernicious anemia, chronic atrophic …show more content…
Krukenberg tumors typically appear on pelvic ultrasound as bilateral, solid ovarian masses, with clear, well-defined margins. An irregular hyperechoic solid pattern and moth-eaten cyst formation is also considered a characteristic feature. CT appearance is indistinguishable from primary ovarian carcinoma[2]. However, a Krukenberg tumor becomes much more likely if a concurrent gastric or colonic lesion is seen, as in this patient.
Choice “A” is not the best answer. Brenner tumors belong to a class of rare surface epithelial-stromal tumors , which involve the oavary. The majority of the tumors are benign, but some can be malignant. These tumors rarely cause symptoms and are often found incidentally on pelvic examination or during a laparotomy. They are not associated with metastases from the GI …show more content…
Carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine lesions which are derived from primitive stem cells in the gut wall, but they can be seen in other organs such as the lungs, mediastinum, thymus, and liver. Carcinoid tumors have a high potential for metastasis. These tumors vary in their presentation and depend on the location and size of the tumor. Ten percent of carcinoid tumors secrete serotonin, and these have signs that include periodic abdominal pain, cutaneous flushing (94% of patients present with this symptom[5]), diarrhea and malabsorption.
Choice “C” is not the best answer. Endometrial cancer should be suspected in a postmenopausal patient who experiences heavy vaginal bleeding. In fact, approximately 75% of women with endometrial cancer are postmenopausal, and the most common symptom is postmenopausal bleeding. There is no mention of vaginal bleeding in the vignette.
Choice “E” is not the best answer. The major features of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) include menstrual dysfunction, anovulation, and signs of hyperandrogenism. Diagnosis of PCOS requires a systematic exclusion of all other disorders that can result in menstrual irregularity and hyperandrogenism, including adrenal or ovarian tumors, thyroid dysfunction, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly, and Cushing syndrome. Imaging and laboratory testing can assist to further elucidate the patient’s primary condition. Ovarian ultrasonography, preferably accomplished
Gastric adenocarcinoma arises from a multitude of factors. Salt and salted foods may damage the gastric mucosa, leading to inflammation and an associated increase in DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Other factors increasing the risk of gastric cancer include chronic Helicobacter pylori infection, previous gastric surgery, pernicious anemia, chronic atrophic …show more content…
Krukenberg tumors typically appear on pelvic ultrasound as bilateral, solid ovarian masses, with clear, well-defined margins. An irregular hyperechoic solid pattern and moth-eaten cyst formation is also considered a characteristic feature. CT appearance is indistinguishable from primary ovarian carcinoma[2]. However, a Krukenberg tumor becomes much more likely if a concurrent gastric or colonic lesion is seen, as in this patient.
Choice “A” is not the best answer. Brenner tumors belong to a class of rare surface epithelial-stromal tumors , which involve the oavary. The majority of the tumors are benign, but some can be malignant. These tumors rarely cause symptoms and are often found incidentally on pelvic examination or during a laparotomy. They are not associated with metastases from the GI …show more content…
Carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine lesions which are derived from primitive stem cells in the gut wall, but they can be seen in other organs such as the lungs, mediastinum, thymus, and liver. Carcinoid tumors have a high potential for metastasis. These tumors vary in their presentation and depend on the location and size of the tumor. Ten percent of carcinoid tumors secrete serotonin, and these have signs that include periodic abdominal pain, cutaneous flushing (94% of patients present with this symptom[5]), diarrhea and malabsorption.
Choice “C” is not the best answer. Endometrial cancer should be suspected in a postmenopausal patient who experiences heavy vaginal bleeding. In fact, approximately 75% of women with endometrial cancer are postmenopausal, and the most common symptom is postmenopausal bleeding. There is no mention of vaginal bleeding in the vignette.
Choice “E” is not the best answer. The major features of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) include menstrual dysfunction, anovulation, and signs of hyperandrogenism. Diagnosis of PCOS requires a systematic exclusion of all other disorders that can result in menstrual irregularity and hyperandrogenism, including adrenal or ovarian tumors, thyroid dysfunction, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly, and Cushing syndrome. Imaging and laboratory testing can assist to further elucidate the patient’s primary condition. Ovarian ultrasonography, preferably accomplished