Kidney Stone Essay

What is a kidney stone? A kidney stone is a little stone of calcium, magnesium, or uric acid that has crystallized and precipitates in the renal pelvis (textbook, p. 988). Kidney stones can be very painful when having them or trying to pass them. Renal colic or unspecified abdominal pain were the most frequent presenting symptoms of kidney stone disease (Metabolic 3). Then followed by hematuria, (Metabolic 4) the presence of blood in the urine. Pediatric urinary stone disease is a relatively infrequent medical problem in children that live in developed countries (Metabolic 1). The presenting symptoms of stone disease usually vary with age, beginning with urinary infections since as urinary tract infections and the most common being in preschool
A study was done in order to determine urinary stone disease in children began being in the study by continuing their normal diet but also giving urine samples. Several factors inclined children to urolithiasis of which metabolic and genitourinary anomalies were important combined with diet, environment, and infectious causes (Metabolic 1). The first set of samples started by giving two urine samples in a period of 24 hours, then after the child fasted for two hours before giving another sample of urine, the urine remained refrigerated. Following the urine sample a blood sample will be taken to check the levels of creatinine, uric acid, calcium, and magnesium (Metabolic 2). The patients were monitored for at least a month after the last urinary stone episode (Metabolic 2). Urine metabolic risk factors found in children with kidney stone disease and hypercalciuria is as frequent of the risk factor of underlying stone production (Metabolic 4). The metabolic risk factor showed that over 84 percent of all the cases had one or more metabolic abnormality (Metabolic