Katrina Earthquake Essay
Test 3 Study Guide
Test 3 will cover chapters 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and the material presented on Hurricane Katrina and the recent earthquake in Japan. It will have 42 multiple-choice (2 points each) and 4 short answer/diagrams (4 points each).
Topics for review * Earthquake terms: * fault: break (fracture) in a rock * rupture: breaking of rock along a fault * hypocenter (focus): rupture point of rock below surface * epicenter: point on earth surface directly above hypocenter * scarp: topographic (elevation) display of a ruptured fault
* natural hazards * what qualifies (how to qualify the size of an event-earthquakes) * different types based on different parameters: * Modified Mercalli …show more content…
* Richter magnitude (M) is predominantly used * for each 1 step up in M, there are ~1/10 of the number of events from before * for each 1 step up in M, there is an ~10x increase in ground shaking * for each 1 step up in M, there is an ~30x increase in energy release * potential benefits * fundamental principles and how we understand them * predicting versus forecasting * warning systems * risk * anticipating and controlling impacts * trends and causes * rivers and flooding * river characteristics (floodplains, drainage basins, discharge, etc.) * dynamic equilibrium * channel patterns and meander effects) * flooding characteristics * flood ranking and recurrence intervals * recurrence interval (how often a fault is active) found by: * paleoseismic data: average time between events, according to geologic data * slip rate: average movement (displacement) divided by movement per year * seismicity: averaging time between historical earthquakes * effects of urbanization on flooding * controlling flood hazards * drawbacks of controlling flood
Test 3 will cover chapters 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and the material presented on Hurricane Katrina and the recent earthquake in Japan. It will have 42 multiple-choice (2 points each) and 4 short answer/diagrams (4 points each).
Topics for review * Earthquake terms: * fault: break (fracture) in a rock * rupture: breaking of rock along a fault * hypocenter (focus): rupture point of rock below surface * epicenter: point on earth surface directly above hypocenter * scarp: topographic (elevation) display of a ruptured fault
* natural hazards * what qualifies (how to qualify the size of an event-earthquakes) * different types based on different parameters: * Modified Mercalli …show more content…
* Richter magnitude (M) is predominantly used * for each 1 step up in M, there are ~1/10 of the number of events from before * for each 1 step up in M, there is an ~10x increase in ground shaking * for each 1 step up in M, there is an ~30x increase in energy release * potential benefits * fundamental principles and how we understand them * predicting versus forecasting * warning systems * risk * anticipating and controlling impacts * trends and causes * rivers and flooding * river characteristics (floodplains, drainage basins, discharge, etc.) * dynamic equilibrium * channel patterns and meander effects) * flooding characteristics * flood ranking and recurrence intervals * recurrence interval (how often a fault is active) found by: * paleoseismic data: average time between events, according to geologic data * slip rate: average movement (displacement) divided by movement per year * seismicity: averaging time between historical earthquakes * effects of urbanization on flooding * controlling flood hazards * drawbacks of controlling flood