Karyotype Analysis and Species Identification
Karyotype Analysis and Species Identification
Introduction
A karyotype refers to a basic layout of the numbers, types, and structures of the chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell. This includes the diploid and haploid numbers as well as the morphology of the chromosomes. When assembling a karyotype, two chromosomes specify gender, XX for females and XY for males, while the remaining chromosomes are arranged from largest to smallest in pairs. Each pair is arranged based upon chromosome morphology, decreasing size, and autosome and sex chromosome distinguishes.
Karyotyping is a useful tool used in evaluating genetic problems such as chromosomal alternations. The test identifies and examines chromosomes in a sample of cells, by isolating them from an individual. In culture, cells divide asynchronously. Cell division of these cells is halted in metaphase because they provide the best image for analysis. Chemical stains are also used to make the chromosomes visible and ready to be examined, compared, and paired.
Hypothesis & Prediction Here I analyze the identification of an unknown individual species. The unidentified individual was one of seven possible mammal species: gorilla, human, Geoffroy’s spider monkey, beluga whale, okapi, aardvark, or red kangaroo. If the organism’s sex chromosomes and diploid and haploid numbers are equivalent between the unknown and known species then the individual will match the reference for that species.
Methods
Here I test the identity of a species of an anonymous individual with the use of a karyotype. I was given the karyotype number 4. The instructor provided a copy of a mitotic chromosome spread of one of the unknown individuals. I examined the chromosomes and identified distinct ones displayed. I cut each chromosome out with scissors. I arranged the chromosomes in pairs based on size and morphologies. I determined and recorded the diploid number, haploid number, and the sex of the individual. I reviewed the
Introduction
A karyotype refers to a basic layout of the numbers, types, and structures of the chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell. This includes the diploid and haploid numbers as well as the morphology of the chromosomes. When assembling a karyotype, two chromosomes specify gender, XX for females and XY for males, while the remaining chromosomes are arranged from largest to smallest in pairs. Each pair is arranged based upon chromosome morphology, decreasing size, and autosome and sex chromosome distinguishes.
Karyotyping is a useful tool used in evaluating genetic problems such as chromosomal alternations. The test identifies and examines chromosomes in a sample of cells, by isolating them from an individual. In culture, cells divide asynchronously. Cell division of these cells is halted in metaphase because they provide the best image for analysis. Chemical stains are also used to make the chromosomes visible and ready to be examined, compared, and paired.
Hypothesis & Prediction Here I analyze the identification of an unknown individual species. The unidentified individual was one of seven possible mammal species: gorilla, human, Geoffroy’s spider monkey, beluga whale, okapi, aardvark, or red kangaroo. If the organism’s sex chromosomes and diploid and haploid numbers are equivalent between the unknown and known species then the individual will match the reference for that species.
Methods
Here I test the identity of a species of an anonymous individual with the use of a karyotype. I was given the karyotype number 4. The instructor provided a copy of a mitotic chromosome spread of one of the unknown individuals. I examined the chromosomes and identified distinct ones displayed. I cut each chromosome out with scissors. I arranged the chromosomes in pairs based on size and morphologies. I determined and recorded the diploid number, haploid number, and the sex of the individual. I reviewed the