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Karsinoma Nasofaring Case Study

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Karsinoma Nasofaring Case Study
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1.1 LATAR BELAKANG
Karsinoma Nasofaring (KNF) adalah penyakit yang penyebabnya multifaktor. Insiden dan distribusi geografiknya tergantung pada beberapa faktor, seperti kerentanan genetik, faktor-faktor lingkungan, diet dan kebiasaan personal (Dhingra, 2004). Banyak teori faktor-faktor etiologi telah dikemukakan, tapi penyebab pasti masih belum ditemukan (Holt dan Shockley, 1993). Sejumlah penelitian menunjukkan bahwa etiologi KNF adalah multifaktor, termasuk genetik, lingkungan dan virus (Yang et al, 2005). Faktor-faktor etiologi ini akan sangat bergantung kepada individu. Faktor-faktor tersebut saling tumpang tindih dan salah satu faktor mungkin terjadi bersamaan dengan faktor lain sebagai penyebab terjadinya KNF (McDermott,
…show more content…
Santosa (1988) mendapatkan jumlah 716 (8,46%) penderita KNF berdasarkan data patologi yang diperoleh di Laboratorium patologi anatomi FK Unair Surabaya (1973-1976) diantara 8463 kasus keganasan di &eluruh tubuh bagian THT &emarang mendapatkan 127 kasus KNF dari 2000-2002. Survei yang dilakukan oleh /epartemen Kesehatan pada tahun 1980 secara “pathology based” mendapatkan angka prevalensi karsinoma nasofaring 4,7 per 100.000 penduduk atau diperkirakan 7000-8000 kasus per tahun di seluruh …show more content…
Hasil analisis dari penelitian yang dilakukan pada tahun 2002 pada perokok yang berumur lebih dari 10 tahun di seluruh Indonesia, menunjukan bahwa prevalensi merokok nasional sebesar 27.7%. Prevalensi perokok laki laki mengalami kenaikan dari 51.2% pada tahun 1995 menjadi 54.5% (Rizkiany, 2012).
Menurut hasil penelitian yang dilakukan Global Youth Tobacco Survey, didapatkan hasil yaitu 37,3 persen anak anak usia 13 hingga 15 tahun di Indonesia pernah merokok. Tahun 2007, Global Youth Tobbacco Survey kembali melakukan penelitian yang menghasilkan data yaitu jumlah perokok antara usia 13-18 tahun di Indonesia menduduki peringkat pertama di Asia. Jumlah ini diperkirakan terus meningkat 4% tiap tahunnya ( Wulandari, 2011).
Letak nasofaring pada saluran napas bagian atas dimana merupakan tempat aliran polusi udara dan asap rokok, serta merupakan lokasi yang dapat berpengaruh buruk terhadap mukosa dilokasi tersebut. Karsinogen yang dibawa oleh udara dapat menginduksi kanker (Zhuolin et al, 2005). Mukosa nasofaring dapat langsung terpapar oleh asap rokok yang dihisap, dan kanker dapat diinduksi pada daerah kontak dengan karsinogen (Mabuchi et al,

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