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Obtain:
Conditions:
Disappointment due to the Treaty of Versailles [Italy received no land even though it was promised]
Italy’s economy distraught due to the war [World War One]
Unstable conditions due to workers going on strikes [rise of communism amongst lower class workers, middle class and elites not happy]
Growing rate and disgruntlement of unemployment
Weak and incapable governments [five governments attempt to take power from 1919 to 1922]
Desire to return to Italy’s former glory
Emergence of Mussolini
Mussolini Creates Fascist Party [1921]
Fascists appealed to the landed classes due to their attack on socialists, catholic unions, and peasant leagues.
Mussolini gained support from elites and liberal politicians.
Fascist Party win 35 seats in elections
Fascist Party grows to 300,000 members
March on Rome:
Mussolini was pushed into March on Rome where Italo Balbo told Mussolini: “We are going, either with you or without you”.
Fascists stage a March on Rome in October 1922, and fearing a civil war, King Victor Emmanuel appoints Mussolini – after being advised by Salandra - as Prime Minister on the 29th of October.
After ruling constitutionally, Mussolini decides - in 1925 – to seize dictatorial power and become “Il Duce” or “The Leader”.
Maintain:
Impressed upper and middle classes:
Merged Nationalist Party with PNF [1923] to give fascism more respectability [Alfredo Rocco and Luigi Federzoni had influential connections to landowners, industrialists, armed forces, civil service and royal court.
De Stefani, Mussolini’s finance minister, pursued orthodox financial polices to help upturn the economy in 1924-25.
Cancelled Falconi and Visocchi Decrees [legalized peasant land seizures]
Banned strikes and ended independent unions in 1926
1923 Education Act to make religious education compulsory to resolve dispute between Vatican and Italian state.
Extended Control:
Arrested leaders of communist party in December 1922.
Acerbo Law [November
Conditions:
Disappointment due to the Treaty of Versailles [Italy received no land even though it was promised]
Italy’s economy distraught due to the war [World War One]
Unstable conditions due to workers going on strikes [rise of communism amongst lower class workers, middle class and elites not happy]
Growing rate and disgruntlement of unemployment
Weak and incapable governments [five governments attempt to take power from 1919 to 1922]
Desire to return to Italy’s former glory
Emergence of Mussolini
Mussolini Creates Fascist Party [1921]
Fascists appealed to the landed classes due to their attack on socialists, catholic unions, and peasant leagues.
Mussolini gained support from elites and liberal politicians.
Fascist Party win 35 seats in elections
Fascist Party grows to 300,000 members
March on Rome:
Mussolini was pushed into March on Rome where Italo Balbo told Mussolini: “We are going, either with you or without you”.
Fascists stage a March on Rome in October 1922, and fearing a civil war, King Victor Emmanuel appoints Mussolini – after being advised by Salandra - as Prime Minister on the 29th of October.
After ruling constitutionally, Mussolini decides - in 1925 – to seize dictatorial power and become “Il Duce” or “The Leader”.
Maintain:
Impressed upper and middle classes:
Merged Nationalist Party with PNF [1923] to give fascism more respectability [Alfredo Rocco and Luigi Federzoni had influential connections to landowners, industrialists, armed forces, civil service and royal court.
De Stefani, Mussolini’s finance minister, pursued orthodox financial polices to help upturn the economy in 1924-25.
Cancelled Falconi and Visocchi Decrees [legalized peasant land seizures]
Banned strikes and ended independent unions in 1926
1923 Education Act to make religious education compulsory to resolve dispute between Vatican and Italian state.
Extended Control:
Arrested leaders of communist party in December 1922.
Acerbo Law [November