Naismith’s first participants were not teenagers, but rather young men in their twenties and thirties studying to be secretaries at the YMCA (Harris, 2014, p.3). Naismith first considered bringing outside games indoors; however, sports like rugby and soccer were too rough for the gymnasium (Frazier, et al., 1998, p. 37). For this reason, Naismith's solution was to develop a team sport that was non contact and readily available.
This emphasis on character growth and the development of a man into a gentleman, is what influenced James Naismith to create the game of Basketball in 1891 (Harris, 2014, p.1). Moreover, men would desire to play it for benefits other than just physical activity. Loyalty, self control, self sacrifice and teamwork, the foundations of Christianity and altruistic Christian manhood, were the moral principles that basketball originally promoted (Carroll, 2003, p. 197).