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Itai-Itai Disease

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Itai-Itai Disease
Itai-itai disease is an example of the impact through environmental exposure. “Itai-itai” in Japanese means ‘ouch-ouch’, indicating painful osteoporosis resulting from chronic cadmium exposure. Cadmium toxicity can lead to severe osteoporosis, where bones become brittle and fragile from loss of bone density. Osteoporosis is closely related to skeletal demineralization, and even a minimal environmental exposure to cadmium may cause demineralization. Bone demineralization in cadmium toxicity may be due to the impairment of osteoblast and osteoclast function as a result of renal dysfunction. Cadmium interacts with renal mitochondrial hydroxylases of the vitamin D3 endocrine complex, thereby contributing to skeletal injury. A progressive decline
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